the major systematic error sublimation of caffeine Essay Example For Students

the major precise blunder sublimation of caffeine Essay Outline1 Introduction:2 Research Question:3 Background Information:4 Original Coffee beans:5 Caffeine:6 Phase Diagram:7 Roasting procedure:8 Light joint:9 Medium joint:10 Full joint:11 Double joint:12 Method:13 Variables:14 Procedures:15 Explanation of Stage 1 process:16 Premise in Stage 1 process:17 Separate caffeine from different synthetic substances in the solution18 Precaution of Stage 2:19 Explanation of Stage 2 process:20 Premises in Stage 2 process:21 Completion of caffeine imbuement ( In rage board )22 Explanation for Stage 3 process:23 Premise in Stage 3 process:24 Raw informations:25 Decision and Analysis:26 Restrictions and Evaluations:27 Methods to choose the major orderly mistake Sublimation of caffeine:28 Further unsolved request and recommended probe:29 Bibliography:30 Appendix31 Chemicals in green java beans32 Degree of cooking Presentation: Espresso has been a mainstream drink since twentieth century, non simply in view of its diverse colourss and spirits because of various evaluations of cooking, yet close to the outcome on which it can keep up you to stay alert and to finish your occupation. It is regularly realized that the ground for java to have this outcome is a direct result of the caffeine inside the java beans. All in all, there are four boss kinds of cooking strategies in the business, viz. , Light Roast, Medium Roast, Full Roast and Double Roast. There are an arrangement of usages on caffeine presents. By meddling with adenosine in encephalon and natural structure, it directs new transmittal of signs in CNS, Central Nervous System, and henceforth keeps individuals alert . Because of its short half life in human natural structure, around 4-10 hours on mean , it tends to be utilized to expand the result of anodyne for harming control Besides it has outcome on keeping the musculus exhaustion. Be that as it may, caffeine can do pessimistic outcome on human natural structure, for outline, increment the chest rate, take a breathing rate and makes individuals experience more qui vive and enthusiastic, which is other than the ground why International Olympic Committee prohibit high caffeine ingestion. Besides, it is a gently propensity framing drug, so a few people can non order the ingestion of caffeine under overdose, which could take to caffeine inebriation. Additionally, blending to the a review held by Montreal University, if pr egnant grown-up female devour more than 1.5 mug of java, the chance of premature birth is multiplied ; if expend more than four, the chance of fetus removal is significantly increased. Subsequently, the pick of caffeine ingestion from java gets basic because of its destructive outcome on human natural structure. It is exhorted that, if fundamental, 100-300 milligram for each twenty-four hours of caffeine ingestion is satisfactory. Notwithstanding, individuals are regularly absence of perception about the caffeine content in the java and have no idea what total unequivocally is in the java they are assimilating. Accordingly, they habitually utilize their faculties to put the caffeine content in java connection to one another. Be that as it may, there are a cluster of legends about this technique. For representation, those darker java has more caffeine than lighter java because of its obscurity or that the caffeine is annihilated during simmering in higher temperature, so the caffeine content in lighter java is higher than that of darker java. To thwart over-dosing of caffeine from java, it is basic for individuals to hold the general idea of contrasting the caffeine content in various java when buying a them. In this article, the caffeine substance in java beans simmered in various evaluations are analyzed by try through the extraction of caffeine by concoction offices. The result would be deciphered by focusing on the broiling system, as java beans experience most prominent modification in physical or concoction change during cooking. In spite of the fact that there are a cluster of sub-degrees of the central four simmering grades, just one sub-degree from each evaluation would be chosen as agent. Exploration Question: Does distinctive simmering grade influence the caffeine content in java beans? Foundation Information: Unique Coffee beans: The first java beans are green in shading. They contain non-unpredictable alkaloids, proteins and amino corrosive, saccharides, lipoids, non-unstable chlorogenic corrosive, and unpredictable mixes. Among the non-unpredictable alkaloids, caffeine is the most bountiful. It contains 1-2.5 % w/w of green java been. Caffeine: Caffeine is a white, crystalline scentless and caustic relishing strong. It exists in progress of java beans as a characteristic pesticide. Its proper name is trimethylxanthine, or in deliberate calling 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. The compound articulation of caffeine is C8H10N4O2. It is a polar natural aggravate that contains C, N, H and O. Its thickness in strong signifier is 1.23 g/cm3. Because of the nearness of N in the compound, caffeine is base in nature. Since it is a polar particle, it is solvent to H2O, especially in hot H2O. The solvency of caffeine in H2O is 22 at 25, 180 at 80, and 670 at 100. Under power per unit zone of standard encompassing temperature and power per unit region , the runing purpose of caffeine is 238 and it can other than sublimate at 178in about vacuity , which will be clarified by stage graph following. Stage Diagram: Three general phases of undertaking are strong, fluid and gas. Change of stage does non simply rely upon the temperature, yet adjacent to the encompassing power per unit territory proceeding onward the synthetic concoctions. For outline, the breaking point of H2O is 100, under standard surrounding temperature and power per unit region. Nonetheless, if the is put in a lower environmental power for each unit zone, the breaking point of H2O is diminished since the fume power per unit territory is as of now more noteworthy than the climatic power per unit region, so H2O atoms can escape from the H2O surface in a lower required vitality. Subsequently, each compound can experience stage adjustment to the three phases in various mix of temperature and power per unit zone. Figure 2 is a stage outline of. The lines spliting the graph into regions speak to that under certain temperature and power per unit region, would experience modification of stage, which is harmony between the two phases t hat the line is spliting. For representation, the rosy line, if An A ; lt ; 1, so the coordinating defrost point increments, while the relating breaking point, A , lessenings. Every part has their ain stage chart to represent the entry of stages under various blend of temperature and power per unit zone. Figure 3 is a phase chart representing the stage sections of caffeine, which is not the same as. This is basic in ulterior perusing of the result in the analysis. It is on the grounds that broiling system includes temperature and power per unit region change. Broiling system: The main aim of broiling java beans is to take poisons, increase the gustatory sensation and concentrate the olfactory property needed. Since green java beans are troublesome, little smell and consolidate a group of exacerbates that are bitter in gustatory sensation. Accordingly, by cooking, it can result in both physical and compound modification in the green java beans. Since caffeine is the main factor that is worried in this exposition, other compound modification will non be examined. In spite of the fact that there are a clump diverse cooking methods in the business, for example, fluidized bed simmering, quick broiling or flat turning membranophone, the fundamental methodology of cooking is comparable. During simmering, there are 10 % to 20 % lost in weight from the green java beans. Here is a summarize of simmering system of java beans: Warming of Green Coffee Beans from 3-5 proceedingss ( around 25 to 100 ) The green java beans are warmed with the goal that the H2O in the first java beans vanishes at a truly quick rate. As this point, the green java beans abandon green to yellow because of caramelization of sugar in the java beans. Warming of Yellow Coffee Beans from fifth ninth proceedingss ( about 170to 200 ) The xanthous java beans are farther warmed and get down to go to brown in shading as more sugar being caramelized. Carbon dioxide and H2O are compelled to escape out of the java beans because of the high power per unit territory inside, as the temperature is truly elevated, which other than causes the development in size of java beans. The olfactory property other than begins to give out at this stage. First split from tenth eleventh proceedingss ( around 210 ) A first stable of parted gives out as the java beans grow to about copy in size from green java beans in high temperature. Natural olfactory property is given out and the java beans turn aureate earthy colored at this stage. After this stage, blending to various evaluations of cooking required, the java beans will experience various temperatures and clasp periods for farther warming. During the method, the sugar is caramelized farther and espresso oil is discharged. Light joint: To get obvious radiation simmered java beans, the beans from stage 3 are to be cooked around one progressively minute in roughly 215 preceding the second parted. Medium joint: For farther half to one moment from light broiled in around 230, a second parted happens and it implies normal joint is done. Full joint: Whenever proceeded for half to one moment from medium cooked in around 240, full broiled java beans are gathered. Twofold joint: This is the most widely recognized finishing up measure that java beans would be broiled, which is obtained from go oning the simmering from full cooked java beans for about a large portion of brief more in around 245. The sugar in the java beans at this stage is lit to fire and debased. The above warming strategy can be accomplished by either simmering the java beans on a hot command post, which is a customary cooking technique in industry or set up roastin

An Overview of The Sport: Astroturf

levels, competitors may never again be viewed as simply individuals, yet more as costly liabilities. The wellbeing of these competitors become increasingly more significant as it isn't just their wellbeing which is on the line, yet in addition a large number of dollars. Wounds do happen in sports, particularly physical games, yet astroturf builds these chances of injury. It will be demonstrated that astroturf causes expanded wear on the body and an expanded number of, just as progressively extreme wounds. Along these lines, more secure choices ought to be utilized in the arenas. Astroturf is a risky surface to play on and ought not be utilized by competitors. The wear on a players body after a game is extraordinary, so new developments are continually being made to reduce the effect of the game on the competitors body; better shoes, increasingly defensive cushions. These things permit the competitor to contend at a similar level, however toward the finish of the game be in better condition to play in the following one. If so, at that point proprietors of groups ought to consider disposing of their fake turf. Astroturf builds mileage on the body and causes more minor wounds than grass. This wearing out of the body would prompt snappier exhaustion and diminished execution. Since the time astroturf was presented, individuals have been whining about its belongings and these protests are heard significantly stronger in this period. â€Å"Athletes reprimand counterfeit turf for tendinitis, shin braces, and broken bones. † (Schrier,1987) Warren Sapp of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers is one of numerous football players who experiences the impacts of the astroturf. He says, It feels like you've been running on blocks for two miles, your knees are genuine sore and for the most part you come out with nine or 10 crapes and you don't have any acquaintance with it until you get into the shower and it's consuming like damnation. † (Wharton, 1999) Sapp's agony originates from the way that running on astroturf is just somewhat superior to running on black-top. Astroturf is made of nylon filaments which are five-eighths of an inch since quite a while ago sewed into a firmly woven tangle. It is then laid over a five-eighths-inch-thick froth cushion for padding and stuck to a black-top base. (Schrier,1987) So every one of that isolates the competitor from black-top is under two creeps of elastic. The other issue which Sapp makes reference to is â€Å"turf burn†. Since nylon opposes tearing it likewise implies that shallow injuries are bound to happen. Despite the fact that these injuries are not impeding to the quick soundness of the competitor they are agonizing and do influence the exhibition and potentially the life span of the competitor's vocation. Steve Young of the San Francisco 49er's says, It's difficult playing on your back porch. In the event that you wonder what playing on counterfeit turf resembles, go out there and tumble down two or multiple times. At that point do what we do †run and scratch over. â€Å"(Unknown,1998) These evil sentiments toward counterfeit turf are felt all through the NFL. Another player portrayed it as, â€Å"sandpaper laid over cement. A survey done in 1994 uncovered that ninety-six percent of more than 900 players said counterfeit turf leaves them feeling sorer than in the wake of playing on grass. Ninety-four percent accept turf is bound to add to a physical issue and a large portion of the players distinguished a past physical issue they accepted to be brought about by astroturf. Furthermore, huge numbers of these wounds are not kidding wounds; there have been many season completion and profession finishing wounds on turf. These progressively genuine wounds however are the essential motivation behind why fake turf ought not be utilized in arenas. A Cornell University study indicated that, †¦ foot and knee wounds happen on engineered turf around 50 percent more than on grass. Also, when wounds do happen, they regularly are more genuine and hard to recuperate than those that happen on This was the situation for three head players in the NFL this season as Vinny Testaverde, Wayne Chrebet and Jamal Anderson were all seriously harmed in view of Astroturf. The players were seriously harmed in a circumstance where there was no contact with different players. For Chrebet's situation two coaches said they had no doubt as far as they can tell that he broke his foot on account of the surface and that's it. (Kirwan,1999) In the previous two cases what happened was â€Å"foot lock†. The erosion between the shoe and the turf was excessively incredible thus as the players attempted to cut their foot stayed, yet the remainder of the body continued moving. This would not have occurred on grass Dr. Willibald Nagler of Cornell University clarifies, â€Å"When you play tennis on a delicate court, you can slide into the stroke. That removes a ton of worry from the lower leg and knee. Grass permits you to slide as well, a smidgen, yet it does the trick, the equivalent for football. † (Bernard,1996) So when making a cut, the foot won't give remain planted and the injury won't happen. Nagler proceeds to state, Football on grass brings about less ligamentous wounds, and those that do happen are not as extreme, as indicated by the distributed logical articles. Besides, manufactured turf may worsen existing wounds, or make mending take longer. (Bernard,1996) These ligamentous wounds are generally the most extreme wounds to happen in view of the counterfeit turf. In a meeting with Dr. Wayne Woodland, he clarified that, â€Å"there is additionally an expanded danger of blackouts, and the turf makes numerous competitors get turf toe. † Turf toe is a strain to the tendon in the huge toe which isn't just liable to reoccur, however it can likewise be a genuine physical issue. Deion Sanders was lost for the finish of a years ago season and was required to have medical procedure to fix the injury and the Atlanta Falcon's Chuck Smith missed over a month this season with the injury. Much more upsetting than the undeniable increment in wounds is that there are in any event three passings and a few additional instances of loss of motion which have been accused on counterfeit turf. Players in the NFL are so irate about not having any desire to play on counterfeit turf that previously, the NFLPA have documented various claims attempting to get fake turf named a â€Å"hazardous substance†. With the progressions of innovation, astroturf should be supplanted with something which is more secure and less rebuffing for the players. By and large this option is grass. However, numerous arenas won't change to grass because of the financial aspects of the circumstance. Grass is costly to keep up and will constrain the salary of the arena by restricting the erformances that can be put on there, for example, shows. Numerous individuals feel that the controlled condition is expected to take into consideration a superior game. Players are searching for the security of grass joined with a controlled domain and minimal effort. There are currently numerous items available which guarantee to satisfy these guidelines. Another organization called Fieldturf, in union with Nike, has discharged an item which all the more intently looks like the surface and reaction of grass. It is made of engineered edges and is held up byan fake earth made out of silica and ubber that can be made of reused running shoes. John Ingram, the Nebraska Cornhuskers' chief of athletic offices says that, â€Å"It is the nearest thing to normal grass I've seen,† (Barnes,1999) The Cornhuskers' played their whole season on the field and didn't have any wounds this year. This combined with the controllable condition satisfied the players and the board with the field. This new field might be the flood of things to come as in addition to the fact that it is less expensive than grass and astroturf, however it is tough and safe. In an investigation done by Dr. Bill Barnhill, he found that Fieldturf had under 50% less wounds than grass and seventy-five percent less than astroturf. Of these wounds, ninety-three percent were minor wounds bringing about less than seven days lost. Despite the fact that a few naturalists dislike the thought, the Fieldturf framework and different frameworks before long like it might start to make grass and even astroturf out of date setting aside individuals cash and players from injury. Wounds to players, for example, Vinny Testaverde and Jamal Anderson ought not happen. Fake turfs are perilous and ought not be utilized in any circumstance. The investigations of wounds in proficient competitors on grass contrasted with turf obviously exhibit the hazard that competitors are at when playing on these surfaces. Regardless of whether they are little or enormous, a considerable lot of them ought not occur and would not occur if the surface would have been on grass or the more current, increasingly imaginative surfaces. The board ought to perceive that they are paying their competitors a large number of dollars and ought to be placed in a circumstance where they will perform and keep on performing to their desires for a long time.

How to Hire an Editor

The most effective method to Hire an Editor The most effective method to Hire an Editor The most effective method to Hire an Editor By Mark Nichol You’ve composed a novel, or a short-story assortment, that you would like to distribute yourself in print or on the web, or maybe you intend to send it to an operator in the expectations that an editorial manager at a distributing organization will think about it. Or then again maybe you have, or work for, a business that disperses printed correspondences, or you’re answerable for a Web website that posts bunches of composed material. You know the substance isn’t prepared for prime time. You need an editorial manager. What do you do? Decide the Type of Editing You Want To begin with, explain what sort of help you look for. Does your substance need a considerable alter, copyediting, or editing? Considerable altering includes concentrated consideration regarding plotting, account, portrayal, tone, and other all encompassing variables for fiction, and association, rationale, and viable informing in promoting correspondences or other verifiable. On the off chance that your novel has been dismissed for distribution or your articles (or somebody else’s you’re shepherding) do not have the effect they require, you should scan for an editorial manager who performs considerable altering. On the off chance that you accept the substance is essentially stable, yet you trust it needs amendment for sentence structure, utilization, style, and accentuation, discover a duplicate supervisor. On the off chance that you’re concerned uniquely about typographical mistakes, enlist an editor. (Yet, understand this: You can presumably escape without a considerable alter, however content that has been edited yet not copyedited is most likely inadequate.) Recognize the Project’s Scope and Schedule Next, think about the parameters of the task. Is the task a solitary book, or a progression of expositions to be doled out over only weeks, or a continuous assortment of articles for a Web webpage? Whoever you recruit will need to realize your time period. Do you anticipate that the task should be returned in weeks, days, or hours? Will it be conveyed, and is it to be restored, at the same time, or piecemeal? Installment Policy Next, choose how you will remunerate the editorial manager. Will you pay constantly, by the task (a level expense), or by the page? Most editors work with an hourly rate, which is the most attractive and the best, since it permits the proofreader to accomplish their best work. You can, obviously, indicate a top on how long the editorial manager is permitted to charge for. What's more, in what capacity will you pay? With a money order, or cash request? By PayPal, or another online assistance? A few editors may request a level of the all out installment in advance or after you get a predefined extent of the altered material. You can request that the manager complete an example (paid) alter of one section or a solitary article that you assess before favoring them to finish the task. Acquire an Editor Presently, where do you discover a manager? You can post physical or virtual notes in your general vicinity to request neighborhood instructors or English majors, yet however they might be a conservative decision, educators and English majors are not really acceptable editors. You can put extends up for offer on Web locales like Guru.com, yet it’s a confused procedure, and numerous editors who offer their administrations on the website are underqualified or are not capable in American English or British English. (Also, on the off chance that you lowball the rate you’re ready to pay, you’ll get what you paid for.) Employment locales, for example, Media Bistro are compelling for discovering media experts however less for getting help with fiction undertakings or little scope assignments, and posting business postings can be expensive. Craigslist, be that as it may, stays a brilliant asset, and employment postings cost just $75. (Also, you needn’t confine your inquiry to your nearby market.) furthermore, associations, for example, the Bay Area Editors’ Forum are suitable assets for private people and littler organizations and associations looking for publication help. (Once more, it doesn’t fundamentally matter where you or a forthcoming proofreader live.) Alternatively, many independent editors publicize their administrations on their own Web destinations. (By and by, topographical area is generally immaterial.) Think about the Costs Meaningful altering is probably going to return you $50 or more every hour, and the commonplace working rate is a few pages for every hour. Duplicate editors charge about $25 to $50 every hour, contingent upon their degree of experience and ability and on the topic, and they for the most part total five to ten pages 60 minutes. Editing costs less and is cultivated all the more rapidly, yet except if the substance is on the web, you’ll need to mail the evidences, send them as a PDF Portable Document File (the manager will require an altering program), or have the editor complete the undertaking nearby or get it and convey it on culmination. (What's more, recall, editing without copyediting is a hazardous alternate way.) As should be obvious, recruiting a proofreader is a costly recommendation. Connecting even a $25-per-hour duplicate proofreader for a 100,000-word novel will cost you around a thousand dollars. An accomplished considerable supervisor could wind up charging you a couple hundred dollars for helping you create a 2,500-word article for a particular distribution. In any event, having some Web pages edit can without much of a stretch become a three-figure consumption. However, think about the arrival on speculation: An abstract operator is dazzled with your tight, neatly composed composition. A periodical acknowledges your unmistakable, succinct, sure specialized article. Your mistake free Web webpage (which your editor has likewise improved with some able recommendations about organization and configuration) draws in guests, who may likewise become clients. It’s almost difficult to evaluate the impact of a publication professional’s commitment to the effect of any bit of substance, and by and large, the altering you don’t notice is the best kind. One might say, it’s an act of pure trust to employ a proofreader. There’s no assurance that utilizing a supervisor (even one furnished with a great resume or gleaming tributes) will bring about distribution of your substance or some other complete marker of accomplishment, and the way toward acquiring an editor’s administrations isn’t easy even in the best conditions. Yet, on the off chance that you’re cautious, you’ll receive the rewards of better substance. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Fiction Writing class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Is She a Woman or a Woman?One Fell Swoop10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Corporate Group Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Corporate Group Structures - Essay Example The conversation will begin with a concise review of the foundation of organization law, explicitly the idea of an organization as a different, self-governing corporate person. At that point the most noteworthy cases in the present condition of corporate gathering structure and obligation will be thought of: These are a triumvirate of cases including Cape Industries Plc. In this manner, examination of these choices and their application and understanding in the most recent decade will be analyzed just as analysis of these three cases will be engaged. This segment of the conversation will extend past issues of case law and adopt a comprehensive strategy to corporate gathering structure by considering issues, for example, corporate social obligation (CSR) and the moral ramifications of corporate gathering structures. Aron Salomon fused his boot-production business in 1892. Salomon Co. immediately got wiped out. A progression of legal disputes and requests took the case to the House of Lords deciding that Salomon Co. furthermore, Aron Salomon were not indeed the very same, â€Å"The very object of the formation of the organization and the exchange to it of the business is, that while the risk of the accomplices for obligations acquired was unbounded, the obligation of the individuals for the obligations brought about by the organization will be limited,† finished up the House of Lords.4 No people could be held at risk for the obligations of Salomon Co., a different, legitimate, corporate element. This case depended on the Companies Act 1862 that obviously settled the partnership as a different legitimate substance. Salomon v Salomon Co. set up this was the lawful circumstance regardless of whether one individual was a lion's share proprietor and basically liable for the bearing of the partnership moreover. As per Villalta Puig Gonzalo, â€Å"The case solidly settled that upon joining, another and separate counterfeit substance comes into existence.... an enterprise is a particular individual with its own character independent

Joan Of Arc By Jules Bastien Le Page Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Joan Of Arc By Jules Bastien Le Page Argumentative Essay ?Joan of Arc,? was painted by the French pragmatist craftsman Jules Bastien-Lepage in 1879. ?After the region of Lorraine was lost to Germany following the Franco-Prussian War in 1821, The Frenchmen saw in Joan of Arc another and ground-breaking image. In 1875, Bastien-Lepage, a local of Lorraine started to make reads for an image of her. In the current work of art, displayed in the Salon of 1880, Joan is indicated accepting her disclosure in her folks garden. Behind her are Saints Michael, Margaret, and Catherine. (Inscription close to painting in The Metropolitan)? Jules Bastien-Lepage makes a sensible air, including an otherworldly, strict like nearness inside his canvas. Oil on canvas was utilized to make the sensible nature of the work. By intently analyzing the specialists method, obviously he utilizes fragile brush strokes in a consistent with life way. The hues, and utilization of light appear to be painted in a layered manner to give the scene a feeling of profundity. The fo undation of the composition is a nursery which incorporate foliage and brush that encompasses the essential focal point of the work of art, Joan of Arc. The craftsman put an extraordinary exertion into the subtleties of the scene. Bastien-Lepage utilizes an unmistakable sensible quality in his canvas which is obvious in every individual leaf and branch. Different tints of earth tones, green and earthy colored being the most clear, are mixed together in the nursery scene. In the closer view of the artistic creation is Joan of Arc. She is painted with an apparently thicker paint strategy. This makes her an all the more effectively obvious perspective in the work of art, and gets the spectators attention. Joan is wearing a long earthy colored skirt and blue-dim shirt with white underneath which is the run of the mill apparel style of the nineteenth century. The apparel is painted to show its mileage. Her highlights and her figure are very reasonable. She appears to have a quiet, howeve r upset demeanor all over, just as she is somewhere down in thought. In general she is painted in an exceptionally nitty gritty way. A less obvious, yet still present and significant part of the composition are the three figures situated behind Joan, and before the house. The figures are to some degree straightforward, and spooky. Their essence includes a profound as well as strict inclination to the scene. These three considers nearness mixes along with the view. Al three have coronas over their heads, and tranquil looks on their appearances. The holy person on the privilege is wearing what seems to be protection. He looks fearless, and as though he is standing gatekeeper or going into fight. The center holy person is a supplicating blessed messenger. She is in a dress with a gauzy, white nearness around her. This whiteness gives her an ethereal quality which Bastien-Lepage has painted successfully, and adds to the otherworldly sentiment of the scene. Her essence in the artwork appears to speak to celibacy and prudence. The last figure resembles a little youngster or kid, who is bowing with her face covered up in her grasp as though she is vexed. Maybe Bastien-Lepage painted these three holy people not exclusively to show Joan accepting her dreams, however to outline the grit, strict yet virtuous figure that she was. Behind Joan of Arc, out of sight of the image is a house. Bastien-Lepage painted the house so the stone work is obvious. The house is by all accounts little in size, plain, and curious. Encompassing the house is growth, trees, and a greater amount of the nursery which is seen all through the artistic creation. This artistic creation of Joan of Arc is critical. Bastien-Lepage can viably delineate Joan as the genuine courageous woman that she seemed to be. This is critical in light of the fact that at the time there were not all that numerous ladies courageous women like her. Bibliographyno face cloth Arts and Painting

Magical Attic Sunray Bear Bubble Count Coloring Page

Magical Attic Sunray Bear Bubble Count Coloring Page Counting practice and a fun coloring page for early learners Help early learners practice counting skills and express their creative side with this coloring page that blends math and art! Sunray Bear is having fun blowing bubbles - children are asked to count the number of bubbles on the page and provide an answer before coloring the rest of the page. BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Strengths Are Available Resources - Free Essay Example

According to Husband (1988) planning is the most crucial phase where a nurse looks into all the aspects, concerns and/or problems are identified, and information is shared concerns and/or problems are identified and information is shared. Diabetes is a chronic issue and stressor is one component that an individual has to continually adjust. It is also stated that diagnosis of strengths of the patients is equally important than the problem. Strengths are available resources to the patients are important in overcoming future problems. After reviewing the studies done by various authors it is certain that patient compliance with the self-care regimen can be increased through mutual goal setting and joint planning between the patient and nurse. Nurse should acknowledge the stressor because after discharge patients feel alone and they should have proper resources (Husband, 1988). Self-care is human behavior and it is one of the component of diabetes care. Self-care is self-directed. As a nurse it is our responsibility assess patient carefully and depending on individual need create a nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan. Another theorist Dorothea Orems has pioneered a theory that is known as Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) which has been used in nursing and helps to guide the nursing process and improve patient care with measurable results. According to Wagnild et al. (1987) Orems model may not be useful if a nurse is not able to adapt it to their settings. Nurses responsibility is to assist patients in self-care through encouragement, looking into the whole person, patient teaching and prioritized early discharge planning. To achieve the goal of self-care, Orem identifies two-step nursing process such as first nurse need to identify the deficit, patients unmet selfcare needs and then mutually plan on compensating the self-care deficits. Research by Wagnild, Rodriguez, and Pritchett (1987) shows that this self care theory can also be implemented in acute care and hospital settings. Our institution in med-surg unit will be highly benefitted if this self-care theory has been implemented. Todays health care system encourages patient dependency which may conflicts with Orems SCOT. One is the nurses lack of orientation to the self-care concepts. A study by Sarkar, Fisher, and Schillinger (2006) looked into low income patients with diabetes and there were significant barriers to the diabetes management such as cost of treatment, cultural belief, limited health literacy, comorbid conditions such as depression or chronic pain, patient-physician communication problems, economic barriers such as the cost of glucose test strips or medications worse glycemic control and poor knowledge of diabetes management as well as external barriers such as lack of safe space to exercise and accessibility of fresh foods. It is also noted that self-efficacy was significantly associated with diet, exercise, self-management of blood glucose, and foot care (Sarkar, Fisher Schillinger, 2006). Another study by Surucu, Kizilci, and Ergor (2017) shows that self-care deficit nursing theory (SCDNT) based nursing education has significantly lower HbA1c scores among the participants with type II diabetes. Thus, SCDNT was a good guide in planning the study and for the self-management education.

Jane Austen and Her Feminism - 1158 Words

Jane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh things. I consider Jane as a feminist writer, her works as a challenge to the old English convention. My thesis will analyze her feminism which is revealed in Pride and Prejudice. 1. Brief introduction of Pride and Prejudice Pride and†¦show more content†¦The character of Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice is one of the most significant features which show Austen’s confidence of women’s intelligence. The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Elizabeth had strong self-confidence and sense. She could point out Mr.Darcy’s arrogance and over-seriousness. This kind of behavior was not common in that society at that time, because Mr.Darcy was noble man who possessed a lot of fortune whil e Elizabeth just came from a middle class family, the controversies and distance between these two classes made it hard for a girl to criticize a noble man. However, Elizabeth did it and she got succeed for under her influence Mr.Darcy began to love her and changed his arrogance. From this we can touched by women’s intelligence and bravery. At the same time, Elizabeth was very rational. During the process of communication with Mr.Darcy, she also found her own disadvantage, she did not ignored it but tried to changed her prejudiceShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1142 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice: Feminist Origins Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice in 1813, and it is seen as an important novel. Jane Austen grew up in a patriarchal society, with a father being a clergyman. Austen went against the normal for girls and rejected the man that proposed to her. She then began to write in a woman’s perspective. By using the feminist lens to analyze Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, readers can realize how Austen used the characters in her novel to portray feminism, which at the time wasRead More Feminism in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Jane Austen, the author of Pride and Prejudice, holds feminist views and uses the novel to show her opinions about womens issues. Pride and Prejudice is a personal essay, a statement of Jane Austens feelings about the perfect lady, marriage, and the relationship between the sexes. Jane Austens characters, plot, and dialogue are biased to reflect her beliefs. The biased process and importance of marriage are introduced with the first lineRead MoreEssay Feminism and Jane Austens Emma1151 Words   |  5 PagesIn eighteenth century which feminist in social status was not popular by that time, author can only through literature to express her thought and discontented about society. Jane Austen’s Emma advocates a concept about the equality of men and women. Also satirizes women would depend on marriage in exchange to make a living or money in that era. By the effect of society bourgeois, Emma has little self-arrogant. She is a middle class that everyone could admire, â€Å"Young, pretty, rich and clever†, sheRead More Taking The Castle of Otranto as your example, outline the main conventions1454 Words   |  6 Pagesproperty, and their desire for something far more extraordinary and exciting than simply to be a domestic woman. The use of the supernatural by Walpole is so frequent and monstrous as to excite laughter rather than terror but for Radcliffe and Austen the supernatural is not visible but is an invisible hand that makes sure that good always triumphs and evil is always punished (Andriopoulos, 1999) . It is necessary to be aware of these Gothic conventions to be receptive too much of the humourRead MoreFemininity in Eighteenth-Century England Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagespertain to every English woman, as seen in Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice. The novel follows the Bennet sisters on their quest for marriage, with much of it focusing on the two oldest sisters, Jane and Elizabeth. By the end, three women – Jane, Elizabeth, and Elizabeth’s friend, Charlotte Lucas – are married. However, these three women differ greatly in their following of feminine concepts, as well as their attitude towards marriage. Austen foils Jane, Charlotte, and Elizabeth’s personasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1116 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, feminism is described as â€Å"the advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social and economic rights of the female sex.† It emphasizes the many ways women have been suppressed, repressed, and oppressed. Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is about Elizabeth, a young middle-class woman who falls in love with Mr. Darcy, a rich, prideful man whom she has sworn to loath based on a misguided first impression. Furthermore, it’sRead MoreJane Austins Pride and Prejudice: A Famous Work of Englands Regency Period 1636 Words   |  7 Pagesstandards in their writing. Famous novelist Jane Austen was known for satirizing many social customs of the Regency Period in her romantic fiction novels, placing a special emphasis on women’s rights. Pride and Prejudice in particular depicted protagonist Elizabeth Bennet as a smart, headstrong, free thinking individual who didn’t let negative outside forces sway her beliefs. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen challenges the social propriety and creates her own ideals for women through Elizabeth Bennet’sRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesStay True Few novels go down in history, and even fewer are remembered as symbols of social change. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a novel remembered by many, and through the decades, as such a novel. The tale of Elizabeth as she overcomes various oppressions has become a classic. Women throughout Jane Austen’s time period were constantly oppressed by social codes and expectations.These social codes included requirements from chaperoned dates to a limit of expression of emotion. Elizabeth’sRead MoreEssay about Feminism in Jane Austen1034 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism in Jane Austen quot;I often wonder how you can find time for what you do, in addition to the care of the house; and how good Mrs. West could have written such books and collected so many hard works, with all her family cares, is still more a matter of astonishment! Composition seems to me impossible with a head full of joints of mutton and doses of rhubarb.quot; -- Jane Austen, letter of September 8 1816 to Cassandra quot;I will only add in justice to men, that though to the largerRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1915 Words   |  8 Pagesgirl, doesn’t mean I have to get married.† (Marlo Thomas). Standards were set during the 1700’s that women must get married to live up to their expectations set by society. In Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice that is set in the 1700’s, there are many different personalities between the characters. Mary has knowledge, Jane has kindness, Elizabeth has self confidence, Mr. Bennet has the laid back personality, Lydia has the sporadic attitude, ect. Most characters seem to bicker throughout the novel

Stonehaven Analysis Essay - 1127 Words

MBA 513 Group Assignment 1 (Team I II) Stonehaven Inc. Case Study (names of both group members) Group 2: Yunping Yao, A20249251 Background Information Stonehaven, Inc., headquartered near Boston, is a major manufacturer of popular brand name non-athletic shoes for adults. Most of its products are sold in the U.S. market. Mission To response to the uncertainty of shoe designs and growing uncertainty in each style, shorten the order-to-delivery lead times in the production process. Current Operating System Cutting Section | |Time Consumption (min/batch) |Cycle Time | |Machine 1. Cut shoe leather |41†¦show more content†¦Batch Size Only in the stitching section there are inventories between different groups’ work. If the company still keeps each batch’s size as 100 pairs, the average work load for each worker in work group 1 now is 25 pairs, but in work group 2 is only 20 pairs which means that there will be 5 pairs of shoes as inventories from work shop 1 to work shop 2 in the stitching section. To shrink the batch size, there are also several advantages: âž ¢ Each section’s capacity is not affected: the stitching section is limited to 125 minutes. âž ¢ Reduction Influence: only to the calculation of numbers of batches. âž ¢ More flexibility: if the size of each batch could be reduced to 20 pairs per batch, more flexibility will be obtained to cope with the market demand uncertainty. Cutting Section: reduce the batch size from 100 pairs to 20 | |Time Consumption (min/batch) |Cycle Time | |Machine 1. Cut shoe leather |25 |Critical time for each batch’s completion| |Machine 2. Cut linings |24 | | |Machine 3. Cut insole |19.2 | | When we reduce the batch size from 100 to 20 pairs, the new results will be shown as follows:Show MoreRelatedStonehaven Case Analysis Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesStonehaven, Inc. Case Analysis March 19, 2013 Part A For this part of the analysis, consider each department in the Gdansk factory in isolation. Assume that the rest of the production system has no impact on the department you are considering. Assume that material handling times are negligible and ignore variability in processing times. 1. For the typical 100-pair batch, what is the daily capacity and manufacturing lead time within each of the following departments? a. Cutting Read MoreHuman Resource Management on Sheraton Hotel Surabaya1791 Words   |  8 Pages3104802 Julian Giovanni 3104812 Anastasia Santoso 3114701 IBN – Fundamental of Human Resource Management Universitas Surabaya 1. Overview The origins of the brand date back to  1937  when  Ernest Henderson  and  Robert Moore  acquired the Stonehaven Hotel in  Springfield, Massachusetts. The chain got its name from another early hotel that the pair had acquired, which had a lighted sign on the roof saying Sheraton Hotel which was large and heavy and therefore too expensive to change. Instead

Development Of Attachment Of The Learning And Evolutionary...

I will be evaluating the development of attachment of the learning and evolutionary theories. I will also be looking at different view points regarding the impact of early experience on later life. The first theory I will be looking at is the learning theory. The learning theory is also called behaviourism, which says all of our behaviour is learnt because â€Å"when born our mind is tabula rasa (a blank slate).† (McLeod, 2007). The behaviourist theory of attachment was proposed by Dollard Miller in 1950, who suggests that attachment is a set of learned behaviours linked to provision of food, and an infant will initially form an attachment to whoever feeds it as mentioned by Mcleod (2009). The way the infant is learning to associate to food and the person feeding them is through classical conditioning (CC) or operant conditioning (OC). I will focus on using CC to show how attachment is formed. CC was founded by Ivan Pavlov and his research on dogs. However, in 1920 Watson and Raynor conducted a study on ‘ Little Albert’ . what they did was give him a phobia of anything white and fluffy using CC as mentioned in Gross (2010,p162). How an infants would form attachment using this idea is food would be the unconditioned stimulus (US) and happiness would be the unconditioned response (UR).The US paired with the mother which is the conditioned response (CR) would causes a conditioned stimulus (CS) which is happiness. Harry Harlow (1958) conducted a study wanting to proveShow MoreRelatedBowlby s Theory Of Attachment1255 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment refers to an affectional bond; a bond which is exclusive to an individual and cannot be exchanged to another. A particularly important bond is the emotional one between an infant and its primary care giver. When it comes to attachment it is often said that it is either down to nature or nurture. Nature is the belief that it is genetic based whilst nurture believes it is our environment and experiences. Bowlby focuses on the evolutionary argument for attachment. Bowlby’s theory can beRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 PagesEarly social development is the study of the development of persons from infancy to adulthood. Research is conducted into how childhood experiences affect people’s development in later life. Attachment theories are studied and the effect of no attachment or disrupted attachment is studied and aimed to be resolved. John Bowlby defined attachment as the emotional and physical connection that makes two people stay close to one another. It is between children and their primary caregivers (PsychologistworldRead MoreEssay on Psychology1023 Words   |  5 Pages†¢behaviourism-the study of behaviour in an objective way. †¢social learning theory/cognitive behaviourism †¢attachment theory †¢evolutionary theory †¢behavioural genetics †¢Piaget’s theory of cognitive development †¢Erikson’s theory †¢developmental systems Define and describe the following research methods †¢correlational study †¢experimental study †¢cross sectional study †¢longitudinal study Study Questions 1. Define cohort and briefly summarize at least one major differenceRead MoreThe Development Of Attachment Theory1336 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will look at the development of attachment theory since the time of Bowlby and the many theories proposed to determine which best describes attachment. The Attachment theory highlights the importance of attachment especially between mothers and infants in regards to the infants personal development, both physically and emotionally. Bowlby describes attachment as â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings†(Bowlby, 1969, p.194). Bowlby’s attachment theory suggested that mothersRead MoreThe Debate Of Nature Vs Nurture1445 Words   |  6 Pagesperspectives and theories from the behaviourist and biological approaches and the objective of this assignment is to discuss the importance of attachment in human development. To do this we can make reference to the case of Genie who suffered severe neglect as a child. B ehaviourism was first introduced by John Watson who opposed the naturists and took the view that the mind is there to be manipulated through conditioning methods and so attachments are learned. However there are theories and studies whichRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1336 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental psychology is viewed as different approaches which aims to look at how children and adults develop. Theories such as Bowlby s attachment theory can explain how a child s development can be altered by their attachment, thus leading to the ideology of the nature vs nurture debate, nature referring to the process of biological maturation while nurture is referring to the impact of the environment or surroundings, which involves the idea that a person learns through experiences. (McLeodRead MorePsychology: Attachment Theory2561 Words   |  11 PagesPsychology - Attachment Revision What is Attachment?:- â€Å"Attachment is the close bond between two people which endures over time and leads to certain behaviors such as proximity seeking, clinging and distress on separation, These behaviors serve the function of protecting an infant† Exam Question 1: ‘Explain Bowlby’s theory of attachment?’ (For top marks, mention: Social releasers, Sensitive Period, Montropy, internal model and the continuity hypothesis): * â€Å"Bowlby’s theory of attachment is an evolutionaryRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesThe attachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958), and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behavioristRead MoreSecure Attachment Relationship Between Young Children And Their Families898 Words   |  4 PagesSecure Attachment Relationship The mother is usually the first and primary object of attachment for an infant, but in many cultures, babies become just as attached to their fathers, siblings, and grandparents. When infants are attached to their caregivers, they gain a secure base from which babies can explore their environment and a haven of safety to return to when they are afraid. Attachment begins with physical touching and cuddling between infant and parent. Some babies become secure or insecureRead More To what extent and in what ways are people ?fixed? and ?open to change1567 Words   |  7 Pages Charles Darwin was not only a pioneer in evolutionary psychology, also today’s theories of modern lifespan development draw on and are influenced by Darwin’s ideas. His functionalist perspective primarily focused on the reason for development of specific human characteristics over many generations, and therefore an enormously long timescale. However, inspired by the observations in the development h is own son, Darwin also acknowledged that â€Å"an individual is the result of a gradual sequence of prior

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult...

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult Until the mid seventies, the term nuclear terror was used predominately to describe the threat of a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. Since then, however, it has taken on a whole new meaning which many security experts feel poses a more serious threat to national security. In the past few decades, formal terrorist organizations have exploded planes out of the sky, bombed US military and diplomatic facilities abroad, and with the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombing incidents, they have even launched attacks on American soil. Yet until 20 March 1995 when five members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult released sarin nerve gas in the Tokyo subway system, the world had not seen†¦show more content†¦The guru, Asahara, is an essential guide throughout this spiritual evolution. Members of the group believe that salvation will only be achieved after Armageddon, even for those who are killed in the process. In spite of its religious nature, Aums leadership structure was organized in the form of a ministerial cabinet patterned after the Japanese government. Since its establishment in 1987, the Aum organization expanded physically, geographically, and financially. It is believed that at its height, the group had over 65,000 members, yet only 10,000 of these were located in Japan. Aum had a large representation in Russia, approximately three times the number of followers in Japan and half of its total membership worldwide. By the end of 1994, there were six Aum Shinrikyo branches in Moscow alone and another eleven offices outside the capital city. On a smaller scale, Aum established branches in Germany and the US and claimed small groups of followers in Australia, Belarus, and the Ukraine. The organizations financial assets were accumulated through fund raising, donations, and a variety of legitimate business efforts, from computer businesses in Taiwan toShow MoreRelatedThe Japanese Doomsday Cult2659 Words   |  11 Pages POLICY PAPER Aum Shinrikyo: The Japanese Doomsday Cult Lisa Bertsch – lmb5956@psu.edu HLS 805: Political Violence, Threats, and Insurgency Summer 2015 – Dr. Paul Gill Table of Contents Abstract Pg. 3 Chizuo Matsumoto, aka Asahara Shoko Pg. 4 Syncretism Pg. 4 The early years: 1984-1989 Pg. 4 Organizational Goals and the Means of Achieving Them Pg. 5 Recruitment Pg. 6 Examples of Violent Attacks Pg. 7 The Split Pg. 9 Conclusion Pg. 10 References Pg. 12 AbstractRead MoreOverview of Terrorist Organizations: Al-Qaeda and Aum Shinrikyo3113 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Codex: Two Terrorist Organizations Al-Qaeda and Aum Shinrikyo Al Qaeda: Origins People too commonly forget that the story of Al-Qaeda is very much the story of Osama Bin Laden: so much of the development and evolution of Al-Qaeda truly is dependent on this one man. Thus, this means that their narratives are forever intertwined. The primary founder of Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, was born in July 1957, the seventeenth of twenty sons of a Saudi construction magnate of Yemeni origin. Many SaudisRead MoreThe Spiritual Beliefs Of The Aum2644 Words   |  11 PagesJapanese cult released a lethal dose of sarin gas into the Tokyo subways, killing 12 and wounding thousands more (Olson, 1999:314). The men responsible were astrophysicists, doctors, and electronics engineers who graduated at the top of their classes (Hudson, 1999:140, 142). All belonged to Aum Shinrikyo, a cult fuelled by the beliefs of an inevitable apocalypse and that salvation could be provided through membership in the cult. Under the control of a partially blind guru, Shoko Asahara, cult membersRead Mo reTerrorism As A Crime, Or Terrorism Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism as warfare, terrorism as a crime, or terrorism as a disease. Whichever view is adopted is determined by the kinds of countermeasures countries will use in their efforts to deal with terrorism. Definitions of terrorism are diverse and commentators and scholars tend to disagree on which is the most accurate. This usually occurs because the different types of terrorism are so widespread, and some experts will include or exclude various groups depending on their preferences. Terrorism is aRead MoreTerrorism Is A Very Real And Serious Threat1754 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism is a very real and serious threat. The United States of America is not the only country under attack by terrorists, the US is simply another target. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iraq, Myanmar, Yemen, Japan, and many other countries have all been under attack by terrorist groups. The UK and Ireland were both under attack by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). They had a simple plan outlined in their â€Å"Green Book† they wanted â€Å"the establishment of a ‘Democratic Socialist RepublicRead More anthrax Essays1316 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone use anthrax for a larger attack on American cities? Unfortunately, yes-and they could also use any of a series of other germs, some more lethal than anthrax. But it’s not easy to get anthrax, and it’s not easy to deploy. The Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo tried to spread anthrax from its Tokyo office building in 1993 and failed dismally. Experts disagree on how dangerous it would be if someone sprinkled anthrax in, say, an office ventilation system or a subway car, but any larger attack wouldRead MoreTerrorism and Its Effects on International Relations5812 Words   |  24 PagesTerrorism and its Effects on International Relations Introduction Over the years there have been significant changes in how terrorism is carried out. With the changes in how terrorism is carried out there have also been dramatic changes in how countries counter terrorist attacks. The modifications in the way a country counters these terrorist attacks affects international relations of these countries. These issues bring about the question of how have counter terrorism methods affected internationalRead More Bioterrorism with Smallpox Essay2355 Words   |  10 Pagesthe entire body. Once endemic to the entire world, it has been wiped out with mass vaccination efforts by the World Health Organization with the last reported case being in 1977 in Somalia (Tucker 118). The threat of the virus still looms over us, however, with the advent of the age of terrorism. Its transmission method (human to human), the lack of effective treatment, its high mortality rate, and its ease of weaponization has compelled the Centers for Disease Control to classify it a s a CategoryRead MoreEmergency Management Essay18946 Words   |  76 Pagesnecessary to explain the need for a profession whose purpose is saving lives and property in disasters. It is likely that, while many people recognize their communities are exposed to environmental threats requiring a systematic program of protection, only a few appreciate the magnitude and diversity of the threats. One can introduce the study of emergency management by noting losses from disasters—in the United States and the rest of the world—have been growing over the years and are likely to continue

French Cinema Free Essays

French Cinema Scene analysis The scene from the movie Rules of The Game by Jean Renoir shows many camera techniques and uses the camera to clench the true meaning of the screen. I will be discussing and analyzing the scene. The film beautifully demonstrates the use of precise shots and perfectly executed scenes. We will write a custom essay sample on French Cinema or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the scene of The Rules of the Game the camera is like another person in the room. It is invisible and wanders throughout the building almost like it is someone following what is happening. This makes for an interesting and new perception never seen before by film viewers. At one point in the scene the camera gets trapped and has to zoom out as though it is being caught. Along with the presence of the camera you can notice rack focusing, the lighting is obviously controlled. The scene begins with a near foreground and pans out to far background as they move throughout the building. One of the greatest aspects of the scene and the film is the incredibly long takes and long shots. This allowed us to be able to grasp whatever we wanted to see in every shot. Jean Renoir used montage editing; this gave the audience the freedom to choose what they wanted to see within the scene. The viewers are able to edit their own idea of the shot. As the scene progresses the camera moves weightlessly with the focus on the foreground while the two in the background escape through a door. The use of separation from the hallway to the main room acts as a sort of barrier between shots. Although on take it feels as though it is separated into two. The primary focus of this shot is to establish the idea that Schumacher is looking for Saint-Aubin. The concept is that the viewer needs to choose who to look at. It forces the viewer to be crossed between the main focus and the deep focus. There is no cut of the camera which would cause all prior viewer attention to be diminished. Because of the fluid camera movement it makes for a realization of what is going on in the background. The final concept is the montage that Jean Renoir uses. The faint light hearted piano music adds to an overall mood and feeling of the shot. For the most part the movie could be seen as dreary but this scene adds an almost lighthearted tone as they move from the conversation in the hallway to the bigger room. Overall the film scene is a masterpiece in that the camera moves in such a way that allows the viewer to feel like you are right in the action. With All the techniques put into this particular shot you can clearly see that this is one of the greatest films ever made. How to cite French Cinema, Essay examples

Project Management Library Renovation free essay sample

Levy (2002) says, rather than blindly following a methodology, the project manager must be able to adapt procedures to meet the demands of the work in hand. How the manager plan on a two-week project is likely to be very different from how they plan on a two-year project. Understand the customer’s requirements and put them under version control. Thoroughly understand and document the customer’s requirements, obtain customer agreement in writing, and put requirements documents under version identification and change control. Requirements management is the leading success factor for systems development projects. Business justification: every project should lead to a worthwhile return on investment. In other words, we need to understand the benefits that a particular project will bring, before committing ourselves to any significant expenditure. During the lifecycle of a project, however, circumstances can change quickly. If at any point it becomes clear that a return on investment is no longer feasible, then the project should be scrapped and no more money wasted. Manage by exception: project sponsors should avoid getting too bogged down in the day-to-day running of projects and instead allow the project manager to concentrate on this area. Levy (2002) goes on to say Micro-management by a project sponsor is a hindrance, not a help. Project sponsors should set clear boundaries for cost and time, with which the project manager should work. If he/she cannot provide the agreed deliverables within these constraints, concerns must be escalated to the sponsor for a decision. Manage by stages: break the project up into smaller chunks, or stages. Each stage marks a point at which the project sponsor will make key decisions. For example, is the project still worthwhile? Are the risks still acceptable? Dividing a project into stages, and only committing to one stage at a time, is a low risk approach that enables the sponsor to manage by exception. Focus on products: it is vital that clients and customers think carefully about the products, or deliverables, they require, before the project begins. The clearer they can be about their requirements, the more realistic and achievable the plans that can be produced. This makes managing the project much easier and less risky. Learn from experience: dont risk making the same mistakes on every project; consider why certain aspects went well or badly, then incorporate the lessons learned into your approach to your next project. Humans have an amazing capacity to learn, but when it comes to repeating errors made during previous projects, we all too often fail to learn the lessons. Business justification: every project should lead to a worthwhile return on investment. In other words, we need to understand the benefits that a particular project will bring, before committing ourselves to any significant expenditure. During the lifecycle of a project, however, circumstances can change quickly. If at any point it becomes clear that a return on investment is no longer feasible, then the project should be scrapped and no more money wasted. Defined roles and responsibilities: everybody working on the project needs to understand the nature of their involvement: for what is each person responsible, and to whom are they accountable? Without clear roles and responsibilities, nobody will know precisely what he or she is supposed to be doing (and everybody will pass the buck at the first sign of trouble). In such a chaotic environment, the progress of the project will be seriously jeopardised. Quality issues that must be addressed by the project manager Chris Jones (2011) points that Poor quality management can stand in the way of a successful project. The two keys to avoiding lapsing into substandard quality management are to remember, first, that the project sponsor and your client determine quality—the project manager and project team do not. The library building design concerns of the senior residents was a quality criteria be considered when building instead of increasing space for children and teen’s activities. Secondly the project manager as O. Levy (1995) suggested had to resist the urge to think that quality means the best material, the best equipment, and absolutely zero defects. While the project out more space for computers, and less space for books also more entertainment features the local senior group was displeased and thought the quality of the library had reduced. The library had changed from the traditional, quiet library they once knew. There was nobody on staff and no feature or design that made the library a special place senior-related services. In most cases, the client does not expect, and cannot afford, a perfect solution. If there are just a few bumps in the project, the client can still say that the project delivered to a high level of quality. Spinner (2007) said, however a flawlessly designed, defect-free solution that does not meet the clients needs will not be considered high quality. Due to less involvement of the client the project had to be reworked on giving higher maintenance costs and client dissatisfaction. The purpose of quality management is to first understand the expectations of the client in terms of quality, and then put a proactive plan and process in place to meet or exceed those expectations. Quality control refers to the ongoing activities that the project team will perform to ensure that the deliverables are of high quality (Stephen Glaister, 1994). This can include deliverable walk-thorough, testing of subcomponents, completeness checklists, and so on. As the project manager, to ensure quality and satisfaction of the clients information is to be gathered from them on what the need and expect from the library. Rework has to ensure that the library features accommodate the local citizens needs and the best way to achieve this notion is to consult with them while building. Recruitment of a senior client service specialist will add to the quality assurance of the project. Evaluation of Existing Systems for Appropriate Decision Making Project Management Institute (2008) denotes that good monitoring and evaluation design during project preparation is a much broader exercise than just the development of indicators. A good evaluation design should have the following five components: 1. There has to be clear and concise statements of measurable objectives and targets for the building project such as the design needs of the local users such as better facilities for senior citizens of which their indicators could be clearly defined. 2. There is need for a structured indicator set that is simple to use foe all project stakeholders at any instant which can allow estimation of output state which include the services that were likely to be generated by the project and the impact they would have on the beneficiaries. 3. There should be an easy mechanism for collecting data that impacts the project and data that can be used to manage the project such as client needs to reduce dissatisfaction of the end product and to enable communication of impediments. The indicators are required to be interlinked with statistics available and should also be affordable for the project budget. 4. There has to be devised arrangements for collecting the data, analysing it and reporting for further investment proposals to sponsor during the project or before and for the clients to improvise their needs according to the possible respective of resources and expertise. 5. Evaluation should have mechanism for which the results of the project can be effectively reported back to decision making and other stakeholders. There can be use and implementation of outsource skill to monitor projects or acquisition of automated evaluation tools such as a logical framework. A Logical Framework Matrix (LFM) constitutes a central element of the project management system (Kathy, 2008). It defines projects objectives and describes the approach taken to implement it. The Logical Framework is accompanied and complemented by other monitoring and evaluation tools. A full set of LFM instruments is presented in the diagram below. Main sources of data / information are listed in the first column. They are addressed and utilized in the LFM system via specific tools that are provided in a logically and relevantly designed table or any other format that can be easily read or documented. System approach, Project lifecycle and Product development lifecycle and Evaluation The Systems Approach Most elements within a project were dependent on each other and each one of them would have their own special needs or characteristics except the client need element which is however the most important aspect of a project. The project manager worked on the goals of tackling the project stage by stage with quality results in all stages but however they overlooked the importance of the end result was to satisfy the client rather than themselves. However from a technical point of view all aspects of the project were interlinked and led to the achievement of the project as required by the project manager. Table : Systems Approach †¢All inputs into a project were have determined and kept constant or added to whenever necessary. The external element of client need was however overlooked to the project and impacted on the end result in terms of quality, money and time. †¢The feedback from clients which is part of effective monitoring led to conflicts and thus the project did not run smoothly. †¢The project manager did not have alternative methods as required in a systems approach so as to improvise when conflict rose between the project executors and the initiators or clients. Using a systems approach to project management enables a project manager to keep the objectives and end results constantly in mind so that the end results are as desired by the client. Project Life Cycle The project life cycle was defined by Snyder (2009) as the phases identified and documented by the project teams management style. Dividing the project into different phases allowed increased control by the organisation as a whole and in the building phase conflict arose due to design while the completion stage the end product was not satisfactory as the library was deemed more noisy with too much space for the kids and teenagers and more noisy. Product Development life Cycle The product life cycle which develops from the business plan, through idea, to product, ongoing operations and product divestment was not well developed in the planning phase and also through to the operations. The product had to be redesigned which is the design and end service for the library. Critical appraisal of the project from a technical and team working perspective Technical appraisal is an in-depth study to ensure that a project is soundly designed, appropriately engineered and follows accepted standards. There has to be concentration on the inputs needed for the project and the resulting outputs of goods services when a project is being appraised technically (Wysocki, 1999). The pre-requisites for this project were not all essentially covered as the wrong choices were made in terms of design of the project . The space put after the project for children and teen activities was rather more than required by the consumers or clients and the entertainment facilities installed rather made the library users unsatisfied as they required the library to serve senior citizens better rather than entertain teens. The library became much more noisy than what the frequent users wanted and there was no specialist serving the senior citizens after the project as they required. While the work done was perfect , it was not done according to requirements of the clients which led to client dissatisfaction The project team was well skilled and worked cooperatively but however an important element of the team which are the consumer representatives was ignored which led to the project accomplishing the wrong needs.

A Salesmans Death Essay Research Paper An free essay sample

A Salesmans Death Essay, Research Paper An Analysis of Arthur Miller # 8217 ; s Death of a Salesman When people accept an ideal to populate by it can be a glorious and baronial thing unless they become so haunted with the ideal that it becomes a yolk and they are unable to recognize their dream. This is particularly true for Arthur Miller # 8217 ; s play Death of a Salesman. In this drama Miller portrays a lower-middle category adult male, Willie Loman, severally, who lives by an ideal that finally is self-defeating. Willie lived to prosecute the American dream instead than populating the American dream. He pursed the ideal instead than populating it and therefore is unable to win. Willie Loman, in Death of a Salesman, has lived his life in chase of the American dream. Traditionally the American dream meant chance and freedom for all, and Willie believed that. However, difficult work could non gain him everything that he wanted or thought he deserved. We will write a custom essay sample on A Salesmans Death Essay Research Paper An or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Willy judged himself and those around him by their material accretion, as is demanded by capitalist economy and the Protestant work ethic. The ethic demands accretion and work as marks of favour in the eyes of God. Therefore in order to delight god and himself he had to roll up wealth and objects. The consumer oriented society in which Willy lives will non let him to populate the American Dream. Willy is fascinated by roll uping things. His desire for goods makes him desire objects that he neither needed nor could afford. As he tries to populate the American dream he venerates those who have been successful at making so, like Thomas Edison, B.F. Goodrich, and Ben, his successful brother. Furthermore he punished those who did non work towards that ideal or carry through it, such as Biff, his boy, and most significantly himself. The extreme to which he followed the dream brought him to disillusionment and lose sense of world. Willy created a world for himself where he â€Å"knocked ‘em cold in Providence, † and â€Å"slaughtered ‘em in Boston† ( p.33 ) . The ultimate consequence of his disenchantment is his self-destruction. It is dry that he dies for his ideals although they are misconstrued. The job with Willy # 8217 ; s ideals which finally kills him is that he has lost sight of accomplishing the true end of the American Dream, felicity and freedom, and the dream took control of him. He struggled to accomplish something that he could non ; he did non hold the endowment to be a salesman. He became so haunted with populating the dream that he was unable to be content with his endowments in woodworking and with his household. There is besides a mode in which he pursues the Dream. He is a salesman, a profession that is associated with hocus-pocus and semblance. He could non prosecute a baronial dream by making something that is based in fraudulence. His pursuit was cursed from the start and the fact that he lived the quest and non the dream made it worse. Bibliography Miller, Author. # 8220 ; The Death of a Salesman. # 8221 ;

6 signs you have what it takes to be a recruiter -TheJobNetwork

6 signs you have what it takes to be a recruiter -TheJobNetwork One of the keys to running a successful business is staffing it with a team of superhero employees. That vital process often begins with a recruiter. Finding and securing the best-of-the-best is a recruiter’s job, one that requires some specific skills and personality traits. If you’re considering a career in corporate recruiting, you should first consult the following list of 6 signs to see if you have what it takes.1. You love peopleAn amazing job opportunity might sell itself, but a big part of recruiting still involves winning over potential employees so they’ll take the positions recruiters need to fill. That means a corporate recruiter must love people and be an expert at dealing with them. An outgoing nature is absolutely essential for the successful recruiter. The ability to turn down candidates who don’t make the cut with tact and compassion is a trickier, but equally essential, characteristic.2. You’re a self-starterWorkers who constantly require management to prod them into action need not apply. A recruiter must be completely proactive and constantly on the lookout for the very best people for particular jobs. If you have that constant yen to get working, you have a trait that all recruiters must possess.3. You’re a great communicatorAnyone who works with people must be a great communicator, and recruiters interact with people constantly. If you have a tendency to serve up word salad, recruiting isn’t for you. But if you are able to speak and write clearly, properly, and confidently, you are more likely to convince the best job candidates to come aboard. Not only must a recruiter be a great communicator, but they must also love to communicate. So if you’re the type who is always talking on the phone or texting, you might be cut out for recruiting.4. You solve problemsA recruiter’s life is not just locating great people and fitting them with great jobs. There are a lot of snags that can p op up during the workday, and it is the recruiter’s duty to meet any and all problems head-on, solve them quickly, and get on with the business at hand.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});A champion recruiter never gets thrown by a candidate who fails to show up for an interview or a position that seems nearly impossible to fill with the right person. They greet such situations as challenges and always works to find the right solution.5. You are positiveUnexpected problems can toss a crimp into a recruiter’s workday, but the best ones always handle those challenges with a smile. The ability to meet all problems cheerfully is vital for the recruiter because those problems will often involve dealing with people- and the last thing a recruiter wants to do is alienate potential employees or employers with a bad attitude.6. You’re competitiveOne unique facet of a recruiter’s life is that there is a lot of competition out there. Other recruiters may be vying for the very same candidates as you, so you must thrive on competition and be completely determined to be the one who nabs that brass ring. Recruiters don’t just need the best candidates for particular positions; they too must be the best in order to be successful at their own jobs.If all of these characteristics seem to describe you, then you may very well be an ideal candidate for a career in corporate recruiting.

Using PHP and HTML on the Same Page

Using PHP and HTML on the Same Page Want to add HTML to a PHP file? While HTML and PHP are two separate programming languages, you might want to use both of them on the same page to take advantage of what they both offer. With one or both of these methods, you can easily embed HTML code in your PHP pages to format them better and make them more user-friendly. The method you choose depends on your specific situation. HTML in PHP Your first option is to build the page like a normal HTML web page with HTML tags, but instead of stopping there, use separate PHP tags to wrap up the PHP code. You can even put the PHP code in the middle if you close and reopen the ?php  and ? tags. This method is especially useful if you have a lot of HTML code but want to also include PHP. Heres an example of putting the HTML outside of the tags (PHP is bold here for emphasis): html titleHTML with PHP/title body h1My Example/h1 ?php//your PHP code goes here? bHere is some more HTML/b ?php //more PHP code ? /body /html As you can see, you can use any HTML you want without doing anything special or extra in your PHP file, as long as its outside and separate from the PHP tags. In other words, if you want to insert PHP code into an HTML file, just write the PHP anywhere you want (so long as theyre inside the PHP tags). Open a PHP tag with  ?php  and then close it with  ?  like you see above. Use PRINT or ECHO This other way is basically the opposite; its how youd add HTML to a PHP file with PRINT or ECHO, where either command is used to simply print HTML on the page. With this method, you can include the HTML inside of the PHP tags. This is a good method to use for adding HTML to PHP if you only have a line or so to do. In this example,  the HTML areas are bold: ?php Echo html;EchotitleHTML With PHP/title;EchobMy Example/b;//your php code herePrintiPrint works too!/i; ? Much like the first example, PHP still works here regardless of using PRINT or ECHO to write HTML because the PHP code is still contained inside the proper PHP tags.

M4M4 Monoculture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M4M4 Monoculture - Assignment Example Today, many of small nations and communities living along the coast lines are highly threatened as beaches once locked in Arctic permafrost continue to be released by melting ice, shoreline erosion, rise in sea levels and increased storm activity. According to Pilkey, Pilkey and Fraser (2011), Miami has been listed as one of the most threatened cities based on the value of property that could be destroyed by floods caused by a three-foot sea level rise. It is estimated that sea levels in some cities located along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts could rise up to 55 inches. In a particular, the sea levels could rise by 20 inches in Miami Beach while in Boston city the levels could hit the 38 inches mark. The following table represents some of the urban centers likely to be affected by rising sea levels across the globe. The population likely to be affected by rising sea levels in Miami is estimated to be above 5.2 million and is expected to increase due to the growing number of tourism activities in the city (Pilkey, Pilkey & Fraser, 2011). This city is fourth largest and also United States’ lowest city. For this reason, sea levels are expected to increase by 20 inches by 2020. Floods resulting from the rising levels are expected to disrupt water supply systems in the city leading to emergence of waterborne disease including cholera and typhoid among other complications. Floods also form breeding areas for mosquitoes leading to high prevalence of malaria and other conditions whose mosquitoes are the vectors. Boston city is current listed among several U.S coastal areas where more than 4.5 million people living along the coastal line are to be adversely affected by expected rise in sea levels (Green Peace Campaign, n.d). Such populations are likely to be completely displaced leading to public health complications associated with displaced persons

International Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Marketing - Assignment Example Communicating in the local language helps customers to receive the products and services positively. Doing business internationally involves changing the promotional or branding materials to suit their values and attitude. Analysis of the values and attitudes secures a comfortable working environment (Cateora, Gilly and Graham 398). Employees in the United States take weekly vacations while France employees take monthly vacations. Understanding this concept of culture is vital for international marketers considering various multinationals have had problems in the past. For instance, China banned commercials by Nike televisions for animating the kung fu master since it insulted the Chinese national dignity (Cateora, Gilly and Graham 389). The technology level available in the country of business aids the international marketers in handling promotions. It involves the analysis of transport and infrastructure of the location of interest (Cateora, Gilly and Graham 390). Education varies across cultural backgrounds thus; marketing internationally requires a synopsis of the educational background of their target market. In conclusion, analyzing the background aids the multinationals to have favorable response from their target market. I agree with you on the importance of culture in the marketing environment. It is important for marketers to treat their customers with dignity. Asian cultures value their cultural concepts and the example of McDonalds in Japan shows this. It is true that the general population of a country constitutes to the cultural background, but analyzing the regional cultures is also important in international marketing. The factors you mentioned such as political, economical, and technological apply in securing different countries. The value of these concepts dictates the penetration pace of multinationals. Stability in international marketing works better if the

Implications Of The Union Budget Of India Economics Essay

Implications Of The Union Budget Of India Economics Essay This article starts with highlighting some the basics of the Union Budget 2013-14. It further looks in detail at the planned and non-planned expenditure patterns. A detailed look has been taken at the tax proposals and its impact on individuals and different sectors. A special mention has been made of the views of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). The article then concludes by saying that overall it is a lukewarm budget. IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNION BUDGET OF INDIA 2013-14 Abstract This article starts with highlighting some the basics of the Union Budget 2013-14. It further looks in detail at the planned and non-planned expenditure patterns. A detailed look has been taken at the tax proposals and its impact on individuals and different sectors. A special mention has been made of the views of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). The article then concludes by saying that overall it is a lukewarm budget. KEYWORDS -Union budget India, 2013, highlights , impact, individual, sectors Introduction The Union Budget 2013-14 was presented  admist huge challenges posed by the macro- economic environment both in the domestic and global scenario. A majority feel that the Finance Minister (FM) Mr. P. Chidambram has done a commendable job by adhering to many of the public commitments he made in the recent past regarding the level of fiscal deficit in India. The FM did not announce drastic changes in the tax structure which could have brought in more resources. But given this moderate mop up he has increased outlays on many of the key sectors of the economy like education, health and social sector. Yet he has managed to curtail the fiscal deficit at 4.8 % of the GDP. He has also committed to decreasing subsidies given the next years estimate for combined food, fertilizer and petroleum product subsidies is at almost Rs 27,000 crore less than the revised estimates for 2012-13. Some Important Highlights * Fiscal deficit seen at 4.8 point of GDP in 2013/14 * Faced with huge fiscal deficit, India had no choice but to rationalize expenditure Borrowing * Gross market borrowing seen at 6.29 trillion rupees in 2013/14 * Net market borrowing seen at 4.84 trillion rupees in 2013/14 * Short-term borrowing seen at 198.44 billion rupees in 2013/14 * To buy back 500 billion rupees worth of bonds in 2013/14 Subsidies * 2013/14 major subsidies bill estimated at 2.48 trillion rupees from 1.82 trillion rupees * Petroleum subsidy seen at 650 billion rupees in 2013/14 * Revised petroleum subsidy for 2012/13 at 968.8 billion rupees * Estimated 900 billion rupees spending on food subsidies in 2013/14 * Revised food subsidies at 850 billion rupees in 2012/13 * Revised 2012/13 fertiliser subsidy at 659.7 billion rupees Expenditure * Total budget expenditure seen at 16.65 trillion rupees in 2013/14 * Non-plan expenditure estimated at about 11.1 trillion rupees in 2013/14 * Indias 2013/14 plan expenditure seen at 5.55 trillion rupees * Revised estimate for total expenditure is 14.3 trillion rupees in 2012/13, which is 96 point of budget estimate * Set aside 100 billion rupees towards spending on food subsidies in 2013/14 Revenue * Expect 133 billion rupees through direct tax proposals in 2013/14 * Expect 47 billion rupees through indirect tax proposals in 2013/14 * Target 558.14 billion rupees from stake sales in state-run firms in 2013/14 * Expect revenue of 408.5 bln rupees from airwave surcharges, auction of telecom spectrum, licence fees in 2013/14 Current Account Deficit Indias greater worry is the current account deficit will need more than $75 billion this year and next year to fund deficit Inflation Food inflation is worrying, but all steps will be taken to augment the supply side. Plan and Non-Plan Expenditures Planned expenditures have been reduced by 20% from that budgeted for FY 2013 in to attain the projected deficit number of 5.1%. This is giving some jitters to the investor community. Planned expenditures in Indias budget refer to discretionary expenditures which can increase the productive capacity of the economy for example, public infra spending, capital expenditure programs of public sector units and capital expenditures in the agriculture sector such as strengthening irrigation facilities  / dry land farming etc. On the contrary in the view of many economists curtailment of planned expenditures can have an adverse impact on long-term capital asset creation in the economy. On the other hand non-plan expenditure has not been reduced at all. It has actually been increased by 5% on the revenue account. It is slated for a further 10% increase in FY 2014. This brings us to question of what non-plan expenditure is. It primarily comprises of subsidies   food, fertilizer and petroleum   and other transfer payments, salaries, pensions etc. The 10% increase in non-plan expenditure projected for FY 2014 appears optimistic and quite on the lower side. A matter of concern is however the fact that the three critical areas of food, fertilizer and petroleum subsidies have not seen any determined attempts at long-term reduction. Budget Proposals and the Implications for Different Sectors Individuals Income Tax Slabs Income Tax Rates Where the total income does not exceed Rs. 2,00,000/-. NIL Where the total income exceeds Rs. 2,00,000/- but does not exceed Rs. 5,00,000/-. 10% of amount by which the total income exceeds Rs. 2,00,000/- Where the total income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000/- but does not exceed Rs. 10,00,000/-. Rs. 30,000/- + 20% of the amount by which the total income exceeds Rs. 5,00,000 Where the total income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/-. Rs. 130,000/- + 30% of the amount by which the total income exceeds Rs. 10,00,000/- Education Cess: 3% of the Income-tax. A tax rebate of Rs 2,000 is proposed to be allowed for taxpayers earning total income of up to Rs 5 lakh. This increases the basic threshold limit for tax trigger at Rs 2.2 lakh for taxpayers with income up to Rs 5 lakh. However there was no relief for taxpayers earning total income above Rs 5 lakh. Simultaneously the FM imposed a 10% surcharge on income tax for those earning above Rs 1 crore. This is a mere 42,800 in number. Those taking new home loans of up to Rs 25 lakh during 2013-14 for purchase of their first residential property not worth above 40 lakhs will be eligible for an additional deduction of 1 lakh on interest payable The unutilized deduction amount can be carried forward to the next year. Women Empowerment The government has we had seen all along above adopted a pro-poor, anti-rich stance. In addition the FM in the budget 2013 showed a lot of concern for women. Among the many proposals notable was the Nirbhaya fund with an allocation of 1000crores. It is aimed at protecting women. He also announced the starting of a all-women public sector bank with n allocation of 1000 crores. Corporates There is a reason for corporates to cheer. There is an incentive for them to invest as 15% of spending of over Rs 100 crore on new plant and machinery in the next two years qualifying for a deduction. Securities Market The markets had some sops too. This was in the form of lower tax on securities transactions and easier procedures for foreign portfolio investors. But on the other hand there was a fresh levy, equivalent to the tax on securities transactions, on non-agricultural commodity futures. Impact on Banks The budget proposals will benefit government banks through equity infusion and gradual easing in stress on infrastructure loans. However, the level of non-performing loans (NPL) might be high because of the continued focus on agricultural credit. An equity injection of Rs 14000 crores in FY 2014 was planned. This was to maintain the momentum of all initiatives proposed since FY 09. The FM further pledged commitment when he said banks will always meet the Basel III capital norms. Private sector banks were encouraged to become competitive by creating a level playing field for them by extending them the interest subvention scheme. Impact on Healthcare The FM pledged that the government was hell-bent on providing Health for All or Universal Health Coverage and promised Rs 37,330 crore, an increase from Rs 30,702 last year, for the health ministry to achieve this. Here are some are some highlights of the sops: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare   got an allocation of Rs 37,330 crores There is a proposal to create a National Health Mission and this NHM will be given Rs 21,200 crore. The FM allocated Rs 4,721 crores to improve medical education, An allocation of Rs 300 crores was made to alleviate child malnutrition.    The Ministry of Women and Child Development was asked to frame a better for the improvement of the condition of women in the country. He allocated Rs 97,000 crores for womens development To improve the childcare health and education facilities, the FM made an allocation of Rs 76,000 crores. The FM attempts to create a comprehensive social security package to make insurance more accessible to Below-Poverty Line families. The FM added with a hint of humour that tobacco, the Governments favourite taxable product would attract a Special Excise Duty (SED) of 18%. This would apply to all tobacco products like cigarettes, cigars, cheerots. Auto Industry The Union Budget has received a mixed response from the Indian auto industry. Some called it the worst-ever and some called it fair or even neutral. The budget was not well received because of its hike in the excise duty on Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) and luxury models.  Joginder Singh, President and Managing Director (MD), Ford India Private Limited (FIPL), said, As we all know the automotive industry has been going through very challenging times, we are disappointed with the increase in the excise duty for SUVs. Textiles The budget announced a zero excise duty on cotton textiles at the fibre, yarn, fabric and garment stage. This will help reduce prices of end products. The reduced prices will further boost garment demand amid weak consumer sentiment. This move will undoubtedly promote revenue growth and improve operating profit and cash flows of the textile sector. The budget in continuation of the Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme in the Twelfth Five Year Plan allocated Rs2,400 crore for technology up-gradation. This is likely to encourage investments power loom modernisation. Impact on Infrastructure The Union Budget 2013-14 addressed some of the many challenges faced by the infrastructure sector. However the solutions for some of the problems have to necessarily be found outside the framework of the annual budget. The budget announced the setting up of a regulatory authority for roads. This was long pending. If the board can be constituted quickly vested with enough powers it has the potential to address many of Indias highways development programmes. There was an announcement that 3,000km of road projects will be awarded in the first six months of FY14. This seems ambitious given that less than one-fourth of that number was achieved in the first eight months of FY13. However the target could be achieved if this is sought to be done on the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) route, rather than the build-operate-transfer (BOT) model. The EPC route will avoid some of the challenges in the BOT model viz., developer apathy, commercial bank aversion to funding toll road projects and over-optimistic traffic forecasts, the latter adversely affecting credit profiles of many projects in the past. Impact on the Telecom sector The budget did not offer did any special sops for the struggling telecom industry in India. Just one announcement was made that duty would increase on mobile phones priced above Rs 2000. It also announced a 5 percent duty hike on STB (set up boxes), and zero customs duty on import of plant and machinery for the semiconductor industry. The FM did nothing to boost telecom sector investors confidence. Education The budgetary allocation to Ministry of HRD for various schemes has been increased by 17% to Rs.65, 877 crore. A service tax exemption has been granted for institutes offering vocational courses. Under the total budgetary allocation, Rs 272.58 billion has been allocated for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Sum of Rs 39.83 billion for Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan has been allocated. Further a sum Rs 52.84 billion has been allocated for scholarships and remaining for up-gradation of existing universities and other education schemes. Companies engaged in providing education and allied education services stand to gain. FMCG Consumer durables As mentioned earlier the Union Budget 2013-14 has proposed to raise specific excise duty on cigarettes by about 18 percent. There is to be a similar increase on other tobacco items such as cigars, cheroots and cigarillos. This rise in the excise duty would negatively impact the demand of the entire tobacco industry. Manufacturing As a measure to incentivise large-scale players in the manufacturing sector, an investment allowance of 15 per cent in addition to depreciation shall be provided for any fresh investment of a minimum of Rs. 100 crores in plant and machinery for the period April 2013 to March 2015. On the other hand, there are no such incentives for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector except for the non-tax benefits made available for an extended period of three years even after they lose their MSME status. The Confederation of Indian Industry ( CII ) Views The budget was welcomed by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). They felt it was a growth-oriented budget, and it would kick-start the next cycle of investment in the country. The CII president Adi Godrej said the budget makes laudable efforts to optimise growth drivers while addressing inclusive and sustained development. The budget meets most of our concerns regarding fiscal consolidation, investment incentives, and inclusive growth. These are in alignment with CIIs submissions in its pre-Budget Memorandum to the Finance Ministry, said Godrej. Budget 2013-14 promises to adhere to the fiscal deficit roadmap as laid out by the Finance Minister last year. This will boost growth, curtail inflation and help in ratings. Emphasis on agriculture, technology and innovation and science and technology is very welcome as it adds to future growth prospects, he added. CII particularly welcomed the stress placed on inclusive growth and development. He was happy that the budget left untouch ed the indirect taxes, which if imposed would have led to a slowdown in the industry. Conclusion The budget overall is a pragmatic exercise though it did not contain any big-bang reforms . It failed to excite all. This was because the budget had some drawbacks. There have been no relaxations as regards to retrospective law introduced on taxing software and the expected clarifications or guidelines as regards the scope of indirect transfers involving substantial assets located in India have not come. No roadmap was laid for the implementation of the Shome committee recommendations like the postponement of the General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR). But one must admit it is not a negative one either. In short the budget 2013-14 can be called as a blow-hot, blow-cold budget