Jane Austen and Her Feminism - 1158 Words

Jane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh things. I consider Jane as a feminist writer, her works as a challenge to the old English convention. My thesis will analyze her feminism which is revealed in Pride and Prejudice. 1. Brief introduction of Pride and Prejudice Pride and†¦show more content†¦The character of Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice is one of the most significant features which show Austen’s confidence of women’s intelligence. The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Elizabeth had strong self-confidence and sense. She could point out Mr.Darcy’s arrogance and over-seriousness. This kind of behavior was not common in that society at that time, because Mr.Darcy was noble man who possessed a lot of fortune whil e Elizabeth just came from a middle class family, the controversies and distance between these two classes made it hard for a girl to criticize a noble man. However, Elizabeth did it and she got succeed for under her influence Mr.Darcy began to love her and changed his arrogance. From this we can touched by women’s intelligence and bravery. At the same time, Elizabeth was very rational. During the process of communication with Mr.Darcy, she also found her own disadvantage, she did not ignored it but tried to changed her prejudiceShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1142 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice: Feminist Origins Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice in 1813, and it is seen as an important novel. Jane Austen grew up in a patriarchal society, with a father being a clergyman. Austen went against the normal for girls and rejected the man that proposed to her. She then began to write in a woman’s perspective. By using the feminist lens to analyze Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, readers can realize how Austen used the characters in her novel to portray feminism, which at the time wasRead More Feminism in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Jane Austen, the author of Pride and Prejudice, holds feminist views and uses the novel to show her opinions about womens issues. Pride and Prejudice is a personal essay, a statement of Jane Austens feelings about the perfect lady, marriage, and the relationship between the sexes. Jane Austens characters, plot, and dialogue are biased to reflect her beliefs. The biased process and importance of marriage are introduced with the first lineRead MoreEssay Feminism and Jane Austens Emma1151 Words   |  5 PagesIn eighteenth century which feminist in social status was not popular by that time, author can only through literature to express her thought and discontented about society. Jane Austen’s Emma advocates a concept about the equality of men and women. Also satirizes women would depend on marriage in exchange to make a living or money in that era. By the effect of society bourgeois, Emma has little self-arrogant. She is a middle class that everyone could admire, â€Å"Young, pretty, rich and clever†, sheRead More Taking The Castle of Otranto as your example, outline the main conventions1454 Words   |  6 Pagesproperty, and their desire for something far more extraordinary and exciting than simply to be a domestic woman. The use of the supernatural by Walpole is so frequent and monstrous as to excite laughter rather than terror but for Radcliffe and Austen the supernatural is not visible but is an invisible hand that makes sure that good always triumphs and evil is always punished (Andriopoulos, 1999) . It is necessary to be aware of these Gothic conventions to be receptive too much of the humourRead MoreFemininity in Eighteenth-Century England Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagespertain to every English woman, as seen in Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice. The novel follows the Bennet sisters on their quest for marriage, with much of it focusing on the two oldest sisters, Jane and Elizabeth. By the end, three women – Jane, Elizabeth, and Elizabeth’s friend, Charlotte Lucas – are married. However, these three women differ greatly in their following of feminine concepts, as well as their attitude towards marriage. Austen foils Jane, Charlotte, and Elizabeth’s personasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1116 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, feminism is described as â€Å"the advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social and economic rights of the female sex.† It emphasizes the many ways women have been suppressed, repressed, and oppressed. Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is about Elizabeth, a young middle-class woman who falls in love with Mr. Darcy, a rich, prideful man whom she has sworn to loath based on a misguided first impression. Furthermore, it’sRead MoreJane Austins Pride and Prejudice: A Famous Work of Englands Regency Period 1636 Words   |  7 Pagesstandards in their writing. Famous novelist Jane Austen was known for satirizing many social customs of the Regency Period in her romantic fiction novels, placing a special emphasis on women’s rights. Pride and Prejudice in particular depicted protagonist Elizabeth Bennet as a smart, headstrong, free thinking individual who didn’t let negative outside forces sway her beliefs. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen challenges the social propriety and creates her own ideals for women through Elizabeth Bennet’sRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesStay True Few novels go down in history, and even fewer are remembered as symbols of social change. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a novel remembered by many, and through the decades, as such a novel. The tale of Elizabeth as she overcomes various oppressions has become a classic. Women throughout Jane Austen’s time period were constantly oppressed by social codes and expectations.These social codes included requirements from chaperoned dates to a limit of expression of emotion. Elizabeth’sRead MoreEssay about Feminism in Jane Austen1034 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism in Jane Austen quot;I often wonder how you can find time for what you do, in addition to the care of the house; and how good Mrs. West could have written such books and collected so many hard works, with all her family cares, is still more a matter of astonishment! Composition seems to me impossible with a head full of joints of mutton and doses of rhubarb.quot; -- Jane Austen, letter of September 8 1816 to Cassandra quot;I will only add in justice to men, that though to the largerRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1915 Words   |  8 Pagesgirl, doesn’t mean I have to get married.† (Marlo Thomas). Standards were set during the 1700’s that women must get married to live up to their expectations set by society. In Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice that is set in the 1700’s, there are many different personalities between the characters. Mary has knowledge, Jane has kindness, Elizabeth has self confidence, Mr. Bennet has the laid back personality, Lydia has the sporadic attitude, ect. Most characters seem to bicker throughout the novel

Stonehaven Analysis Essay - 1127 Words

MBA 513 Group Assignment 1 (Team I II) Stonehaven Inc. Case Study (names of both group members) Group 2: Yunping Yao, A20249251 Background Information Stonehaven, Inc., headquartered near Boston, is a major manufacturer of popular brand name non-athletic shoes for adults. Most of its products are sold in the U.S. market. Mission To response to the uncertainty of shoe designs and growing uncertainty in each style, shorten the order-to-delivery lead times in the production process. Current Operating System Cutting Section | |Time Consumption (min/batch) |Cycle Time | |Machine 1. Cut shoe leather |41†¦show more content†¦Batch Size Only in the stitching section there are inventories between different groups’ work. If the company still keeps each batch’s size as 100 pairs, the average work load for each worker in work group 1 now is 25 pairs, but in work group 2 is only 20 pairs which means that there will be 5 pairs of shoes as inventories from work shop 1 to work shop 2 in the stitching section. To shrink the batch size, there are also several advantages: âž ¢ Each section’s capacity is not affected: the stitching section is limited to 125 minutes. âž ¢ Reduction Influence: only to the calculation of numbers of batches. âž ¢ More flexibility: if the size of each batch could be reduced to 20 pairs per batch, more flexibility will be obtained to cope with the market demand uncertainty. Cutting Section: reduce the batch size from 100 pairs to 20 | |Time Consumption (min/batch) |Cycle Time | |Machine 1. Cut shoe leather |25 |Critical time for each batch’s completion| |Machine 2. Cut linings |24 | | |Machine 3. Cut insole |19.2 | | When we reduce the batch size from 100 to 20 pairs, the new results will be shown as follows:Show MoreRelatedStonehaven Case Analysis Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesStonehaven, Inc. Case Analysis March 19, 2013 Part A For this part of the analysis, consider each department in the Gdansk factory in isolation. Assume that the rest of the production system has no impact on the department you are considering. Assume that material handling times are negligible and ignore variability in processing times. 1. For the typical 100-pair batch, what is the daily capacity and manufacturing lead time within each of the following departments? a. Cutting Read MoreHuman Resource Management on Sheraton Hotel Surabaya1791 Words   |  8 Pages3104802 Julian Giovanni 3104812 Anastasia Santoso 3114701 IBN – Fundamental of Human Resource Management Universitas Surabaya 1. Overview The origins of the brand date back to  1937  when  Ernest Henderson  and  Robert Moore  acquired the Stonehaven Hotel in  Springfield, Massachusetts. The chain got its name from another early hotel that the pair had acquired, which had a lighted sign on the roof saying Sheraton Hotel which was large and heavy and therefore too expensive to change. Instead

Development Of Attachment Of The Learning And Evolutionary...

I will be evaluating the development of attachment of the learning and evolutionary theories. I will also be looking at different view points regarding the impact of early experience on later life. The first theory I will be looking at is the learning theory. The learning theory is also called behaviourism, which says all of our behaviour is learnt because â€Å"when born our mind is tabula rasa (a blank slate).† (McLeod, 2007). The behaviourist theory of attachment was proposed by Dollard Miller in 1950, who suggests that attachment is a set of learned behaviours linked to provision of food, and an infant will initially form an attachment to whoever feeds it as mentioned by Mcleod (2009). The way the infant is learning to associate to food and the person feeding them is through classical conditioning (CC) or operant conditioning (OC). I will focus on using CC to show how attachment is formed. CC was founded by Ivan Pavlov and his research on dogs. However, in 1920 Watson and Raynor conducted a study on ‘ Little Albert’ . what they did was give him a phobia of anything white and fluffy using CC as mentioned in Gross (2010,p162). How an infants would form attachment using this idea is food would be the unconditioned stimulus (US) and happiness would be the unconditioned response (UR).The US paired with the mother which is the conditioned response (CR) would causes a conditioned stimulus (CS) which is happiness. Harry Harlow (1958) conducted a study wanting to proveShow MoreRelatedBowlby s Theory Of Attachment1255 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment refers to an affectional bond; a bond which is exclusive to an individual and cannot be exchanged to another. A particularly important bond is the emotional one between an infant and its primary care giver. When it comes to attachment it is often said that it is either down to nature or nurture. Nature is the belief that it is genetic based whilst nurture believes it is our environment and experiences. Bowlby focuses on the evolutionary argument for attachment. Bowlby’s theory can beRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 PagesEarly social development is the study of the development of persons from infancy to adulthood. Research is conducted into how childhood experiences affect people’s development in later life. Attachment theories are studied and the effect of no attachment or disrupted attachment is studied and aimed to be resolved. John Bowlby defined attachment as the emotional and physical connection that makes two people stay close to one another. It is between children and their primary caregivers (PsychologistworldRead MoreEssay on Psychology1023 Words   |  5 Pages†¢behaviourism-the study of behaviour in an objective way. †¢social learning theory/cognitive behaviourism †¢attachment theory †¢evolutionary theory †¢behavioural genetics †¢Piaget’s theory of cognitive development †¢Erikson’s theory †¢developmental systems Define and describe the following research methods †¢correlational study †¢experimental study †¢cross sectional study †¢longitudinal study Study Questions 1. Define cohort and briefly summarize at least one major differenceRead MoreThe Development Of Attachment Theory1336 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will look at the development of attachment theory since the time of Bowlby and the many theories proposed to determine which best describes attachment. The Attachment theory highlights the importance of attachment especially between mothers and infants in regards to the infants personal development, both physically and emotionally. Bowlby describes attachment as â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings†(Bowlby, 1969, p.194). Bowlby’s attachment theory suggested that mothersRead MoreThe Debate Of Nature Vs Nurture1445 Words   |  6 Pagesperspectives and theories from the behaviourist and biological approaches and the objective of this assignment is to discuss the importance of attachment in human development. To do this we can make reference to the case of Genie who suffered severe neglect as a child. B ehaviourism was first introduced by John Watson who opposed the naturists and took the view that the mind is there to be manipulated through conditioning methods and so attachments are learned. However there are theories and studies whichRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1336 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental psychology is viewed as different approaches which aims to look at how children and adults develop. Theories such as Bowlby s attachment theory can explain how a child s development can be altered by their attachment, thus leading to the ideology of the nature vs nurture debate, nature referring to the process of biological maturation while nurture is referring to the impact of the environment or surroundings, which involves the idea that a person learns through experiences. (McLeodRead MorePsychology: Attachment Theory2561 Words   |  11 PagesPsychology - Attachment Revision What is Attachment?:- â€Å"Attachment is the close bond between two people which endures over time and leads to certain behaviors such as proximity seeking, clinging and distress on separation, These behaviors serve the function of protecting an infant† Exam Question 1: ‘Explain Bowlby’s theory of attachment?’ (For top marks, mention: Social releasers, Sensitive Period, Montropy, internal model and the continuity hypothesis): * â€Å"Bowlby’s theory of attachment is an evolutionaryRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesThe attachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958), and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behavioristRead MoreSecure Attachment Relationship Between Young Children And Their Families898 Words   |  4 PagesSecure Attachment Relationship The mother is usually the first and primary object of attachment for an infant, but in many cultures, babies become just as attached to their fathers, siblings, and grandparents. When infants are attached to their caregivers, they gain a secure base from which babies can explore their environment and a haven of safety to return to when they are afraid. Attachment begins with physical touching and cuddling between infant and parent. Some babies become secure or insecureRead More To what extent and in what ways are people ?fixed? and ?open to change1567 Words   |  7 Pages Charles Darwin was not only a pioneer in evolutionary psychology, also today’s theories of modern lifespan development draw on and are influenced by Darwin’s ideas. His functionalist perspective primarily focused on the reason for development of specific human characteristics over many generations, and therefore an enormously long timescale. However, inspired by the observations in the development h is own son, Darwin also acknowledged that â€Å"an individual is the result of a gradual sequence of prior

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult...

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult Until the mid seventies, the term nuclear terror was used predominately to describe the threat of a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. Since then, however, it has taken on a whole new meaning which many security experts feel poses a more serious threat to national security. In the past few decades, formal terrorist organizations have exploded planes out of the sky, bombed US military and diplomatic facilities abroad, and with the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombing incidents, they have even launched attacks on American soil. Yet until 20 March 1995 when five members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult released sarin nerve gas in the Tokyo subway system, the world had not seen†¦show more content†¦The guru, Asahara, is an essential guide throughout this spiritual evolution. Members of the group believe that salvation will only be achieved after Armageddon, even for those who are killed in the process. In spite of its religious nature, Aums leadership structure was organized in the form of a ministerial cabinet patterned after the Japanese government. Since its establishment in 1987, the Aum organization expanded physically, geographically, and financially. It is believed that at its height, the group had over 65,000 members, yet only 10,000 of these were located in Japan. Aum had a large representation in Russia, approximately three times the number of followers in Japan and half of its total membership worldwide. By the end of 1994, there were six Aum Shinrikyo branches in Moscow alone and another eleven offices outside the capital city. On a smaller scale, Aum established branches in Germany and the US and claimed small groups of followers in Australia, Belarus, and the Ukraine. The organizations financial assets were accumulated through fund raising, donations, and a variety of legitimate business efforts, from computer businesses in Taiwan toShow MoreRelatedThe Japanese Doomsday Cult2659 Words   |  11 Pages POLICY PAPER Aum Shinrikyo: The Japanese Doomsday Cult Lisa Bertsch – lmb5956@psu.edu HLS 805: Political Violence, Threats, and Insurgency Summer 2015 – Dr. Paul Gill Table of Contents Abstract Pg. 3 Chizuo Matsumoto, aka Asahara Shoko Pg. 4 Syncretism Pg. 4 The early years: 1984-1989 Pg. 4 Organizational Goals and the Means of Achieving Them Pg. 5 Recruitment Pg. 6 Examples of Violent Attacks Pg. 7 The Split Pg. 9 Conclusion Pg. 10 References Pg. 12 AbstractRead MoreOverview of Terrorist Organizations: Al-Qaeda and Aum Shinrikyo3113 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Codex: Two Terrorist Organizations Al-Qaeda and Aum Shinrikyo Al Qaeda: Origins People too commonly forget that the story of Al-Qaeda is very much the story of Osama Bin Laden: so much of the development and evolution of Al-Qaeda truly is dependent on this one man. Thus, this means that their narratives are forever intertwined. The primary founder of Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, was born in July 1957, the seventeenth of twenty sons of a Saudi construction magnate of Yemeni origin. Many SaudisRead MoreThe Spiritual Beliefs Of The Aum2644 Words   |  11 PagesJapanese cult released a lethal dose of sarin gas into the Tokyo subways, killing 12 and wounding thousands more (Olson, 1999:314). The men responsible were astrophysicists, doctors, and electronics engineers who graduated at the top of their classes (Hudson, 1999:140, 142). All belonged to Aum Shinrikyo, a cult fuelled by the beliefs of an inevitable apocalypse and that salvation could be provided through membership in the cult. Under the control of a partially blind guru, Shoko Asahara, cult membersRead Mo reTerrorism As A Crime, Or Terrorism Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism as warfare, terrorism as a crime, or terrorism as a disease. Whichever view is adopted is determined by the kinds of countermeasures countries will use in their efforts to deal with terrorism. Definitions of terrorism are diverse and commentators and scholars tend to disagree on which is the most accurate. This usually occurs because the different types of terrorism are so widespread, and some experts will include or exclude various groups depending on their preferences. Terrorism is aRead MoreTerrorism Is A Very Real And Serious Threat1754 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism is a very real and serious threat. The United States of America is not the only country under attack by terrorists, the US is simply another target. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iraq, Myanmar, Yemen, Japan, and many other countries have all been under attack by terrorist groups. The UK and Ireland were both under attack by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). They had a simple plan outlined in their â€Å"Green Book† they wanted â€Å"the establishment of a ‘Democratic Socialist RepublicRead More anthrax Essays1316 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone use anthrax for a larger attack on American cities? Unfortunately, yes-and they could also use any of a series of other germs, some more lethal than anthrax. But it’s not easy to get anthrax, and it’s not easy to deploy. The Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo tried to spread anthrax from its Tokyo office building in 1993 and failed dismally. Experts disagree on how dangerous it would be if someone sprinkled anthrax in, say, an office ventilation system or a subway car, but any larger attack wouldRead MoreTerrorism and Its Effects on International Relations5812 Words   |  24 PagesTerrorism and its Effects on International Relations Introduction Over the years there have been significant changes in how terrorism is carried out. With the changes in how terrorism is carried out there have also been dramatic changes in how countries counter terrorist attacks. The modifications in the way a country counters these terrorist attacks affects international relations of these countries. These issues bring about the question of how have counter terrorism methods affected internationalRead More Bioterrorism with Smallpox Essay2355 Words   |  10 Pagesthe entire body. Once endemic to the entire world, it has been wiped out with mass vaccination efforts by the World Health Organization with the last reported case being in 1977 in Somalia (Tucker 118). The threat of the virus still looms over us, however, with the advent of the age of terrorism. Its transmission method (human to human), the lack of effective treatment, its high mortality rate, and its ease of weaponization has compelled the Centers for Disease Control to classify it a s a CategoryRead MoreEmergency Management Essay18946 Words   |  76 Pagesnecessary to explain the need for a profession whose purpose is saving lives and property in disasters. It is likely that, while many people recognize their communities are exposed to environmental threats requiring a systematic program of protection, only a few appreciate the magnitude and diversity of the threats. One can introduce the study of emergency management by noting losses from disasters—in the United States and the rest of the world—have been growing over the years and are likely to continue

French Cinema Free Essays

French Cinema Scene analysis The scene from the movie Rules of The Game by Jean Renoir shows many camera techniques and uses the camera to clench the true meaning of the screen. I will be discussing and analyzing the scene. The film beautifully demonstrates the use of precise shots and perfectly executed scenes. We will write a custom essay sample on French Cinema or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the scene of The Rules of the Game the camera is like another person in the room. It is invisible and wanders throughout the building almost like it is someone following what is happening. This makes for an interesting and new perception never seen before by film viewers. At one point in the scene the camera gets trapped and has to zoom out as though it is being caught. Along with the presence of the camera you can notice rack focusing, the lighting is obviously controlled. The scene begins with a near foreground and pans out to far background as they move throughout the building. One of the greatest aspects of the scene and the film is the incredibly long takes and long shots. This allowed us to be able to grasp whatever we wanted to see in every shot. Jean Renoir used montage editing; this gave the audience the freedom to choose what they wanted to see within the scene. The viewers are able to edit their own idea of the shot. As the scene progresses the camera moves weightlessly with the focus on the foreground while the two in the background escape through a door. The use of separation from the hallway to the main room acts as a sort of barrier between shots. Although on take it feels as though it is separated into two. The primary focus of this shot is to establish the idea that Schumacher is looking for Saint-Aubin. The concept is that the viewer needs to choose who to look at. It forces the viewer to be crossed between the main focus and the deep focus. There is no cut of the camera which would cause all prior viewer attention to be diminished. Because of the fluid camera movement it makes for a realization of what is going on in the background. The final concept is the montage that Jean Renoir uses. The faint light hearted piano music adds to an overall mood and feeling of the shot. For the most part the movie could be seen as dreary but this scene adds an almost lighthearted tone as they move from the conversation in the hallway to the bigger room. Overall the film scene is a masterpiece in that the camera moves in such a way that allows the viewer to feel like you are right in the action. With All the techniques put into this particular shot you can clearly see that this is one of the greatest films ever made. How to cite French Cinema, Essay examples

Project Management Library Renovation free essay sample

Levy (2002) says, rather than blindly following a methodology, the project manager must be able to adapt procedures to meet the demands of the work in hand. How the manager plan on a two-week project is likely to be very different from how they plan on a two-year project. Understand the customer’s requirements and put them under version control. Thoroughly understand and document the customer’s requirements, obtain customer agreement in writing, and put requirements documents under version identification and change control. Requirements management is the leading success factor for systems development projects. Business justification: every project should lead to a worthwhile return on investment. In other words, we need to understand the benefits that a particular project will bring, before committing ourselves to any significant expenditure. During the lifecycle of a project, however, circumstances can change quickly. If at any point it becomes clear that a return on investment is no longer feasible, then the project should be scrapped and no more money wasted. Manage by exception: project sponsors should avoid getting too bogged down in the day-to-day running of projects and instead allow the project manager to concentrate on this area. Levy (2002) goes on to say Micro-management by a project sponsor is a hindrance, not a help. Project sponsors should set clear boundaries for cost and time, with which the project manager should work. If he/she cannot provide the agreed deliverables within these constraints, concerns must be escalated to the sponsor for a decision. Manage by stages: break the project up into smaller chunks, or stages. Each stage marks a point at which the project sponsor will make key decisions. For example, is the project still worthwhile? Are the risks still acceptable? Dividing a project into stages, and only committing to one stage at a time, is a low risk approach that enables the sponsor to manage by exception. Focus on products: it is vital that clients and customers think carefully about the products, or deliverables, they require, before the project begins. The clearer they can be about their requirements, the more realistic and achievable the plans that can be produced. This makes managing the project much easier and less risky. Learn from experience: dont risk making the same mistakes on every project; consider why certain aspects went well or badly, then incorporate the lessons learned into your approach to your next project. Humans have an amazing capacity to learn, but when it comes to repeating errors made during previous projects, we all too often fail to learn the lessons. Business justification: every project should lead to a worthwhile return on investment. In other words, we need to understand the benefits that a particular project will bring, before committing ourselves to any significant expenditure. During the lifecycle of a project, however, circumstances can change quickly. If at any point it becomes clear that a return on investment is no longer feasible, then the project should be scrapped and no more money wasted. Defined roles and responsibilities: everybody working on the project needs to understand the nature of their involvement: for what is each person responsible, and to whom are they accountable? Without clear roles and responsibilities, nobody will know precisely what he or she is supposed to be doing (and everybody will pass the buck at the first sign of trouble). In such a chaotic environment, the progress of the project will be seriously jeopardised. Quality issues that must be addressed by the project manager Chris Jones (2011) points that Poor quality management can stand in the way of a successful project. The two keys to avoiding lapsing into substandard quality management are to remember, first, that the project sponsor and your client determine quality—the project manager and project team do not. The library building design concerns of the senior residents was a quality criteria be considered when building instead of increasing space for children and teen’s activities. Secondly the project manager as O. Levy (1995) suggested had to resist the urge to think that quality means the best material, the best equipment, and absolutely zero defects. While the project out more space for computers, and less space for books also more entertainment features the local senior group was displeased and thought the quality of the library had reduced. The library had changed from the traditional, quiet library they once knew. There was nobody on staff and no feature or design that made the library a special place senior-related services. In most cases, the client does not expect, and cannot afford, a perfect solution. If there are just a few bumps in the project, the client can still say that the project delivered to a high level of quality. Spinner (2007) said, however a flawlessly designed, defect-free solution that does not meet the clients needs will not be considered high quality. Due to less involvement of the client the project had to be reworked on giving higher maintenance costs and client dissatisfaction. The purpose of quality management is to first understand the expectations of the client in terms of quality, and then put a proactive plan and process in place to meet or exceed those expectations. Quality control refers to the ongoing activities that the project team will perform to ensure that the deliverables are of high quality (Stephen Glaister, 1994). This can include deliverable walk-thorough, testing of subcomponents, completeness checklists, and so on. As the project manager, to ensure quality and satisfaction of the clients information is to be gathered from them on what the need and expect from the library. Rework has to ensure that the library features accommodate the local citizens needs and the best way to achieve this notion is to consult with them while building. Recruitment of a senior client service specialist will add to the quality assurance of the project. Evaluation of Existing Systems for Appropriate Decision Making Project Management Institute (2008) denotes that good monitoring and evaluation design during project preparation is a much broader exercise than just the development of indicators. A good evaluation design should have the following five components: 1. There has to be clear and concise statements of measurable objectives and targets for the building project such as the design needs of the local users such as better facilities for senior citizens of which their indicators could be clearly defined. 2. There is need for a structured indicator set that is simple to use foe all project stakeholders at any instant which can allow estimation of output state which include the services that were likely to be generated by the project and the impact they would have on the beneficiaries. 3. There should be an easy mechanism for collecting data that impacts the project and data that can be used to manage the project such as client needs to reduce dissatisfaction of the end product and to enable communication of impediments. The indicators are required to be interlinked with statistics available and should also be affordable for the project budget. 4. There has to be devised arrangements for collecting the data, analysing it and reporting for further investment proposals to sponsor during the project or before and for the clients to improvise their needs according to the possible respective of resources and expertise. 5. Evaluation should have mechanism for which the results of the project can be effectively reported back to decision making and other stakeholders. There can be use and implementation of outsource skill to monitor projects or acquisition of automated evaluation tools such as a logical framework. A Logical Framework Matrix (LFM) constitutes a central element of the project management system (Kathy, 2008). It defines projects objectives and describes the approach taken to implement it. The Logical Framework is accompanied and complemented by other monitoring and evaluation tools. A full set of LFM instruments is presented in the diagram below. Main sources of data / information are listed in the first column. They are addressed and utilized in the LFM system via specific tools that are provided in a logically and relevantly designed table or any other format that can be easily read or documented. System approach, Project lifecycle and Product development lifecycle and Evaluation The Systems Approach Most elements within a project were dependent on each other and each one of them would have their own special needs or characteristics except the client need element which is however the most important aspect of a project. The project manager worked on the goals of tackling the project stage by stage with quality results in all stages but however they overlooked the importance of the end result was to satisfy the client rather than themselves. However from a technical point of view all aspects of the project were interlinked and led to the achievement of the project as required by the project manager. Table : Systems Approach †¢All inputs into a project were have determined and kept constant or added to whenever necessary. The external element of client need was however overlooked to the project and impacted on the end result in terms of quality, money and time. †¢The feedback from clients which is part of effective monitoring led to conflicts and thus the project did not run smoothly. †¢The project manager did not have alternative methods as required in a systems approach so as to improvise when conflict rose between the project executors and the initiators or clients. Using a systems approach to project management enables a project manager to keep the objectives and end results constantly in mind so that the end results are as desired by the client. Project Life Cycle The project life cycle was defined by Snyder (2009) as the phases identified and documented by the project teams management style. Dividing the project into different phases allowed increased control by the organisation as a whole and in the building phase conflict arose due to design while the completion stage the end product was not satisfactory as the library was deemed more noisy with too much space for the kids and teenagers and more noisy. Product Development life Cycle The product life cycle which develops from the business plan, through idea, to product, ongoing operations and product divestment was not well developed in the planning phase and also through to the operations. The product had to be redesigned which is the design and end service for the library. Critical appraisal of the project from a technical and team working perspective Technical appraisal is an in-depth study to ensure that a project is soundly designed, appropriately engineered and follows accepted standards. There has to be concentration on the inputs needed for the project and the resulting outputs of goods services when a project is being appraised technically (Wysocki, 1999). The pre-requisites for this project were not all essentially covered as the wrong choices were made in terms of design of the project . The space put after the project for children and teen activities was rather more than required by the consumers or clients and the entertainment facilities installed rather made the library users unsatisfied as they required the library to serve senior citizens better rather than entertain teens. The library became much more noisy than what the frequent users wanted and there was no specialist serving the senior citizens after the project as they required. While the work done was perfect , it was not done according to requirements of the clients which led to client dissatisfaction The project team was well skilled and worked cooperatively but however an important element of the team which are the consumer representatives was ignored which led to the project accomplishing the wrong needs.

A Salesmans Death Essay Research Paper An free essay sample

A Salesmans Death Essay, Research Paper An Analysis of Arthur Miller # 8217 ; s Death of a Salesman When people accept an ideal to populate by it can be a glorious and baronial thing unless they become so haunted with the ideal that it becomes a yolk and they are unable to recognize their dream. This is particularly true for Arthur Miller # 8217 ; s play Death of a Salesman. In this drama Miller portrays a lower-middle category adult male, Willie Loman, severally, who lives by an ideal that finally is self-defeating. Willie lived to prosecute the American dream instead than populating the American dream. He pursed the ideal instead than populating it and therefore is unable to win. Willie Loman, in Death of a Salesman, has lived his life in chase of the American dream. Traditionally the American dream meant chance and freedom for all, and Willie believed that. However, difficult work could non gain him everything that he wanted or thought he deserved. We will write a custom essay sample on A Salesmans Death Essay Research Paper An or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Willy judged himself and those around him by their material accretion, as is demanded by capitalist economy and the Protestant work ethic. The ethic demands accretion and work as marks of favour in the eyes of God. Therefore in order to delight god and himself he had to roll up wealth and objects. The consumer oriented society in which Willy lives will non let him to populate the American Dream. Willy is fascinated by roll uping things. His desire for goods makes him desire objects that he neither needed nor could afford. As he tries to populate the American dream he venerates those who have been successful at making so, like Thomas Edison, B.F. Goodrich, and Ben, his successful brother. Furthermore he punished those who did non work towards that ideal or carry through it, such as Biff, his boy, and most significantly himself. The extreme to which he followed the dream brought him to disillusionment and lose sense of world. Willy created a world for himself where he â€Å"knocked ‘em cold in Providence, † and â€Å"slaughtered ‘em in Boston† ( p.33 ) . The ultimate consequence of his disenchantment is his self-destruction. It is dry that he dies for his ideals although they are misconstrued. The job with Willy # 8217 ; s ideals which finally kills him is that he has lost sight of accomplishing the true end of the American Dream, felicity and freedom, and the dream took control of him. He struggled to accomplish something that he could non ; he did non hold the endowment to be a salesman. He became so haunted with populating the dream that he was unable to be content with his endowments in woodworking and with his household. There is besides a mode in which he pursues the Dream. He is a salesman, a profession that is associated with hocus-pocus and semblance. He could non prosecute a baronial dream by making something that is based in fraudulence. His pursuit was cursed from the start and the fact that he lived the quest and non the dream made it worse. Bibliography Miller, Author. # 8220 ; The Death of a Salesman. # 8221 ;